Geopolitics of China - 2504 Words

The Geopolitics of China China is a land shaped by its history; a country that has suffered great calamities and more than anything else, has grown. China â€Å"boasts a civilization at least three thousand years old† (Hutton, 2007) and is a home for more than 1.3billion people. It covers over 5,000 kilometres of land in East Asia, and is surrounded by powerful neighbours – Vietnam, India, North Korea, Russia and more. While Northern China is subarctic, South China experiences sub-tropical climates. The Eastern side of the country, following the East China Sea, as well as the Yellow Sea, is comprised of mainly low lands; China is much more heavily industrialised towards the north-east (Hutton, 2007), whereas, the West hosts more mountains.†¦show more content†¦Hu’s objectives are to achieve harmonious development, in which China will incorporate harmony with the rest of the world, and harmony with Taiwan (Hutton, 2007). China’s relationship with Taiwan, as well as the Un ited States’ relationship with Taiwan, has been the topic of many discussions in current years. The People’s Republic of China claims that there is â€Å"One china† and that â€Å"Taiwan is an inalienable part of it† (Roberge, 2009). Similarly, Roberge elaborates that the US government acknowledges this position, and that â€Å"Taiwan is part of China.† Despite this, Taiwan’s safety is dependent on America involvement and prior guarantees of defence, provided by the Bush Administration (Roberge, 2009). Although there are some fundamental conflicts between the Chinese party and Taiwan, Hu is currently focusing on â€Å"increased economic and cultural integration,† rather than the immediate re-unification, and China remains Taiwan’s largest trading partner (Roberge, 2009). There is a growing need for a â€Å"powerful outsider† (Economist, b, 2009) to become present in Eastern Europe and this place may soon be filled by China. China has motive to create an active role for itself within Eastern Europe; not only its involvement within the trade industry, but also its geopolitical role (Economist, b, 2009). Having greater involvement in Europe would be beneficial, and achieving amicable relations with EuropeShow MoreRelatedHow The Geopolitics Central Asia Affected China s Ability Of Securing Its Energy Resources From The Region?2032 Words   |  9 PagesHow has the Geopolitics in Central Asia affected China’s ability in securing its Energy Resources from the Region? There is a significant change in the order of energy in the world, and there is the need of China to enforce its ability in becoming one of the major forces in global markets, and in the geopolitics that occur regarding energy. There are opportunities and challenges that are created as China aims to expand its global and regional linkages as they look for security in the supply ofRead MoreCompeting Claims. The Disputes In The Scs Have Evolved1709 Words   |  7 PagesCompeting Claims The disputes in the SCS have evolved over decades and engage multiple regional states that have territorial claims in the South China Sea including China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, and Taiwan. While not located directly in the region the United States, Australia, Japan, and India all hold economic, territorial, and security concerns over the disputes. Specifically, the United States has been involved in the territorial disputes to uphold maritime security laws andRead MoreA Term Debate Over The World Essay1105 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent things to different groups of people. (Dueck, C.) I find it hard to believe that when Rudolf Kjellen came up with the word geopolitics, that he had any idea on how the idea of his new word would be used over the next century. While the word holds meaning, it is the ideas that keep pushing this word into the forefront. With the era of established geopolitics, the ideas are more towards dominance, and space. While at the same tim e both state and individuals are pursuing collective interestsRead MoreChina’s evolving geopolitical role and its participation in the WTO.1419 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: In terms of geopolitics, it was been observed that China is among the three great powers, beside the United States and the European Union. According to O. Tuathail, 1996; Agnew, 2009, critical geopolitics intends to understand world politics in terms of the ways in which elites and publics actively construct the spaces of political action that are then the medium for the policies of states and other factors. At its current rate of economic growth, China, though still considered a developingRead MoreGlobalization and Geopolitics Energy934 Words   |  4 PagesI do not believed that globalization is rendering the concepts of geopolitics and the great powers, it is only enhancing the strategies of those whose aims it is to take control. Globally, the population provides the excuses many super powers need to carried out their power manipulation and seek out natural resources. Geopolitics has evolved and grown because of globalization and super powers are constantly rewriting their own p olicies and setting new trends for their sustainable doctrines. GlobalizationRead MoreThe Threat Of The Outer Space870 Words   |  4 PagesAdam: You used a sentence of â€Å"The true worth of Airpower in understanding geopolitics seems to come from how airpower makes geography more accessible† about air power, which is correct, and I agree with you. 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Therefore, questioning whether the geopolitics of the Cold War had been adequately captured in the term â€Å"The bi-polar world order†. With the â€Å"relative decline† of the super powers in the end 1960s, disruptions within the single pattern started to materialize (Ibid, p.55). The beginning of the Dà ©tente was marked with the Third World’s gradual building of political significance, but not only. In addition to that, other states like China, Japan, and from the European Community, startedRead MoreEssay about The Problems Brought by Overpopulation696 Words   |  3 Pagesdifferent ways to prevent outstripping resources. Instead of embracing the reduced fertility option, several nations choose perilous geopolitics that is based on self-interest and creates a mayhem in developing c ountries. Author Lester Brown(2009) addresses and widely discusses the issue in his book Plan B 4.0- â€Å"As world food security deteriorates, a dangerous geopolitics of food scarcity is emerging in which individual countries, acting in their narrowly defined self-interest reinforce the negativeRead MoreWhat Is The Importance Of Chinese Investment In Africa As A Global Trade?1346 Words   |  6 Pagesto remain competitive in global markets (ICA). Thus, Chinese investment in infrastructure has been a cornerstone of the â€Å"win-win† approach that has benefitted both African and Chinese investors and consumers. Despite popular media perception that China is recklessly extracting resources and driving unsustainable trade imbalances, there has been little statistical evidence to prove a one-sided relationship. While China’s intentions are far from altruistic, market forces have aligned the interests

The Section Of The National Association Of Social Work

The section of the National Association of Social Work Ethics that will be discussed will be number four which includes Social Workers’ ethical responsibilities as professionals. This ethics code concentrates on a several different factors which include: 4.01 Competence, 4.02 discrimination, 4.03 private conduct, 4.04 dishonesty, 4.05 personal impairment, 4.06 misinterpretations, 4.07 solicitations, and 4.08 acknowledging credit. Ethical responsibilities as a professional are extremely important to be a successful social worker. A social worker should be competent in their line for. They should know past and previous knowledge about their line of work. They should also be familiar with any related knowledge to their field. Many†¦show more content†¦As a social work professional a social worker should own up or acknowledge any work they are responsible for. Section four advocates for clients to receive accurate help from social workers. This section prevents social workers from showing transparency of their personal problems that might be suffering with. This section permits social workers to treat every client with respect and dignity. If the work place is professional and follow these code of ethics, it will allow for the relationship between the social worker and client to be successful. If I happen to see a colleague violating this code, I would gently approach them and remind them of the code of ethics. Perhaps, I would give them some advice on how I would handle the current situation. If I continue to see this colleague violating the code of ethics, I would raise awareness to a supervisor. In my current job there is a male that has shown discrimination both against customers and co-workers. One time a non english speaker wanted assistance on finding a product in our store. My co-worker responded to the customer with saying that he did not understand him and that this is America so he should needs to learn English. He also told him he could not help him because of this reason. I happen to pass by and he asked me for help, I do speak Spanish so I was able to help him. The customer then told meShow MoreRelatedEthical Principles, Morals And Values Of A Company Or Organization Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pagesare implemented to educate employees on the ethical principles, morals and values of a company or organization. Organizations such as the National Association for Social Workers (NASW), and the National Organization for Human Services (NOHS) have ethical codes in place for individuals working within the Human Services field. The American Psychological Association (APA) have ethical principles for psychologists. 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One such aptitude is Cultural Competence and Social Diversity, which is in section 1.05 of the NASW code of ethics (National Association of Social Workers, 2008). There are three sections associated with this competency â€Å"Social workers should understand culture and its function in human behavior and societyRead MoreAccess to Health Care: A Constitutional Right850 Words   |  3 Pagesincrease access to health care in South Africa. Section 27 of the Constitution outlines the right to health care, it states the following: 27. Health care, food, water and social security.- (1) Everyone has the right to have access to- a) health care services, including reproductive health care; b) sufficient food and water; and c) social security, including, if they are unable to support themselves and their dependants, appropriate social assistance. (2) The state must take reasonableRead MoreCode of Ethics1610 Words   |  7 PagesShannon Whalen September 11, 2010 Course 213 Section 2W2 Section 1: Nursing Code of Ethics Provision 1. The nurse, in all professional relationships, practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of health problems. Provision 2. The nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group, or community. ProvisionRead MoreIntroduction. According To The Nasw Code Of Ethics For1228 Words   |  5 PagesNASW Code of Ethics for licensed Social Workers, Social Work is clarified as the attention to environmental forces, which creates, contributes, and addresses problems in living, among individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities, with a goal of reducing discrimination, oppression, poverty, and other forms of social injustice (NASW, 2008). It is discomforting to think of a world alleviated from the security upheld by the profession of Social Work, with it being an increasingly demandingRead MoreThe Role Of Public Health And Disease Prevention1700 Words   |  7 Pagesthe roles of public health and disease prevention in helping specific vulnerable populations within the selected country, and compare those to the USA’s. Be sure to include the terms listed in Student Learning Outcome #3 (above) as you write this section. (25 pts IV. Healthcare Costs A. Healthcare costs in Germany 1. Where does the money for healthcare go? (money out) a. Hospitals b. Healthcare workers cRead MoreEthics and Licensed Professional Counselor1175 Words   |  5 Pagessupport your response for each scenario. Though APA format is not required for your answers, citations and references should be presented in accordance with APA guidelines. 1. Barbara is a licensed professional counselor (LPC) working for a nonprofit social service agency. Many of the clients in the agency are female domestic violence victims. The director of the agency has asked Barbara to develop a counseling group to serve the needs of these individuals. a. What ethical matters should Barbara considerRead MoreSports Unions And The Professional Sports Industry1474 Words   |  6 PagesCanada This report focuses on how labour unions are utilized in the professional sports industry in Canada. This section will discuss unions, collective agreements and players’ associations as they relate to this report. Each professional sports league that has unionized is represented by a players’ associations which fights for and protects the rights of the players. The players’ associations negotiate with the league to create and/or renew a collective agreement with mutually beneficial term that allowsRead MoreEssay on The National Response Framework852 Words   |  4 Pages Having a basic understanding of community or national emergency plans can assist families in disaster. This is especially true during the response phase. The National Response Framework (NRF) is a great example of a national community reference. According to FEMA’s publication, â€Å"The National Response Framework,† from 2013, the NRF is a guide which describes the basis of national response to any form of disaster. The NRF was developed from a long line of response guidance plans. The first was

Surrealism Research Task Free Essays

Artists: Andre Breton (1896-1966): A French writer and poet, best known as the â€Å"Founder of Surrealism†. Rene © Emigrate (1898-1967): A Belgian Surrealist artist who became well known for his witty and thought-provoking images that challenges observers’ preconditioned perceptions of reality. Marcel Decamp (1887-1968): A French- American painter, sculptor and writer who challenged conventional thought about artistic processes and art marketing through subversive actions. We will write a custom essay sample on Surrealism Research Task or any similar topic only for you Order Now He famously dubbed a urinal art and named it Fountain. Max Ernst (1891- 1976): A German painter and sculptor who was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and Surrealism, and famous for his declaiming works. Man Ray (1890-1976): an American modernist artist best known for his experimental photography and as creator of the Ray-O- Graph. Joan Mirror (1893-1983): Catalan Spanish painter, sculptor, and ceramicist known for his childlike, colorful paintings and as the inventor of automatic drawing. Giorgio De Chorizo (1888-1978): A Greek-born Italian artist who founded the Metaphysical art movement, characterized by his dreamlike works with sharp entrants of light and shadow which often had a vaguely threatening, mysterious quality. Yves Tangy (1900-1955): A French surrealist painter known for his nonrepresentational surrealist paintings which of vast, abstract landscapes, mostly in a tightly limited palette of colors. Salvador Dali (1904-1989): A Spanish surrealist painter best known for the striking and bizarre images in his surrealist work. Friday Kohl (1907-1954): A Mexican painter, not strictly part of the surrealist movement, best known for her self-portraits which offer an uncompromising depiction of the female experience and form. M ©ret Oppenheim (1913-1985): a German-born Swiss, Surrealist artist, and photographer, best known for her sculpture series of a teacup, saucer and spoon covered with fur from a Chinese gazelle. James Gleeson (191 5 -2008): An Australian artist best known for his works that delved into the subconscious using literary, mythological or religious subject matter. 2. Andre Breton surrounded himself with a group of artists with similar interests and together they formed the concept of surrealism. The social relationships between these prominent surrealist artists were important to their art making as hey collaborated with each other and received feedback and ideas from each other. Breton was especially important as he was the leader of the surrealists, and it was under his guidance and charisma that they created their art, and developed the idea of surrealism. It has also been said that at times the group was only held together by the personality of Breton. . The initial response to surrealism was that the wider public did not understand it, or were shocked and offended by it. Art critics made fun of it and saw it as very poor. Despite this the movement soon gained a devoted following and audience. . Surrealism can be defined as a 20th-century literary and artistic movement, developed from Dadaism that attempts to express the workings of the subco nscious and is characterized by fantastic imagery and incongruous Juxtaposition of subject matter. Two Surrealist Manifestos were issued by the Surrealist movement, in 1924 and 1929. They were both written by And © Breton. The First Manifesto defined Surrealism as: â€Å"Psychic automatism in its pure state, by which one proposes to express verbally, by meaner of the written word, or in any other manner the actual functioning of thought. Dictated by the thought, in the absence of any control exercised by reason, exempt from any aesthetic or moral concern. † Group of 20th century surrealists The Surrealists wished to create art that was completely free of rational thought or censorship. They promoted freedom of expression and art that was not limited or altered by personal or societal morals or decorum. They were attempting to spark a revolution in consciousness that would â€Å"change life† and society. 5. Surrealism started in Paris, with the first Manifesto being released in 1924. Although principally literary to begin with, the movement quickly expanded into the usual arts (Breton courted Picasso assiduously, to no avail), and its first painting show – La Painter Surrealists – was staged at Galleries Pierre in 1925. The movement continued to thrive in Paris during the late sass. The movement was introduced to the international stage during the sass with major shows in Brussels, Copenhagen, London, New York and Paris. It rapidly became a worldwide popular phenomenon with branches in England, Czechoslovakia, Belgium, Egypt, Denmark, Japan, the Netherlands, Romania and Hungary. Between 1930 and 1935, Salvador Dali and Rene Margarita produced some of their most memorable works and helped establish the usual style of Surrealism. By 1939, many of the major surrealists, including Andre Breton, Max Ernst and Andre Manson, had relocated to the United States so as to avoid the impact of World War II in France. After World War II, Andre Breton returned to Paris, though society mood of post-war depression was not receptive to the whimsical style of Surrealism. Despite this, major surrealist exhibitions were held in Paris in 1947 and 1959, and surrealist ideas and techniques made their mark on many of the post-war art movements. There is no clear agreement about the end of Surrealism. Some art experts consider that it dissolved after the war; others mark the death of And © Breton in 1966 or Salvador Dali in 1989 as the end of Surrealism as an organized movement. 6. Surrealism started in Paris by Andre Breton, and quickly grew as a movement to accommodate many different artists in Paris. Just prior to World War II, a number of significant Surrealist artists moved together to New York to avoid the impacts of war, and Surrealism became a popular movement in the U. S. A. Also, while there was no organized surrealist movement in Australia, many Australian artists adopted the style ruing the sass’s. 7. Surrealism came about as a movement due to many factors and surrealist artists were influenced by many different sources. The surrealist movement grew from Dadaism, but had a more positive take on Dadaism fundamentally negative message. The most prominent intellectual influence on the idea of Surrealism was the theories of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), the neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis. Andre Breton and other surrealists were very impressed with Fraud’s insights into the unconscious, which they thought would be a major source of untapped pictures and imagery. They used his theories to get past the boundaries between fantasy and reality. Surrealist artists were also rebelling against bourgeois society acceptance of the horrors of war and their general complacency towards social, cultural, and political issues. The Surrealists wished to shock, offend or provoke a reaction in society in an attempt to make them think more about their conforming to society expectations and acceptance of their nation’s governance without question. They were attempting to spark a revolution in consciousness that would â€Å"change life† and society. A section of The Garden of Earthly Delights, by Hieronymus Busch A section of The Garden of Earthly Delights, by Hieronymus Busch 8. Surrealist artists got their inspiration from various prior movements and artists. The Surrealists wanted to create art that was marvelous and mystical. The detailed fantasies of Hieronymus Busch (1453-1516) and the menacing engravings of prisons by Giovanni Battista Praises (1720-1778) were significant sources of inspiration. In terms of nineteenth century styles, surrealists thought Impressionism too naturalistic, and preferred Pre-Raphael and Symbolist works, such as the astigmatism etchings and strange paintings by Max Clinger (1857-1920), and the vivid Oceanic primitivism of Paul Gauguin. Aside from Dada, two other significant painting style influences on Surrealism were the 19th century Symbolism movement, and the Italian school of Metaphysical Painting, originated by Giorgio De Chorizo. Surrealists also got inspiration from several different writers. One such writer the surrealists claimed they owed much inspiration from was Gallinule Billionaire, who compose hallucinated, luminescent poetry and also who provided the name for the surrealist movement. Other writers included the Gothic 18th century English authors, whose novels depicted mysterious happenings, cruelty, madness and eroticism. . Surrealist artists use numerous techniques to provide inspiration for their imaginative artworks. Many of these are said to free imagination by producing a creative process free of conscious control. The importance of the unconscious as a source of inspiration is central to the nature of surrealism. Popular techniques include: Frontage: a method of creation in which one takes a p encil or other drawing tool and makes a â€Å"rubbing† over a textured surface. The drawing can either be left as is or used as the basis for further refinement. Invented by Max Ernst in 1925. Declaiming: A process of spreading thick paint upon a canvas then?while it is still wet?covering it with further material such as paper or aluminum foil. This covering is then removed (again before the paint dries), and the resultant paint pattern becomes the basis of the finished painting. Involuntary Sculpture: Surrealism describes as â€Å"involuntary sculpture† those made by absent-minded manipulating something, such as rolling and unrolling a movie ticket, bending a paper clip etc. Photometer: The making of a composite picture by cutting and Joining a number of photographs. Automatic Drawing: Invented by Andre Manson, Joan Mirror, and Paul Sleek, the technique of automatic drawing involved using a pen or other drawing instrument and letting it wander over the page without any conscious planning. Exquisite corpse: a method by which a collection of words or images are collectively assembled. It is played like a game in which players wrote or drew on a section of paper, folded it to conceal part of the writing or drawing, and then passed it to the next player for them to continue it on. Paranoiac-critical method: a technique invented by Salvador Dali in which the artist invokes a paranoid state (fear that the self is being manipulated, targeted or controlled by others). The result is a deconstruction of the psychological concept of identity, so that subjectivity becomes the main aspect of the artwork. Found Object: art created from undisguised, but often modified, objects or products that are not normally considered art, often because they already have a non-art function. 10. Many experiences and events from their culture or era influenced the surrealist artist’s art practice. Salvador Dalais artworks often included symbols of war and violence, in reference to the war brewing in his home country of Spain. He also often included soft objects such as the clocks in The Persistence of Memory’ or his self portraits, which were most likely influenced by Dalais feelings towards his own impotence. Max Ernst is well known for his absurd illustrations cut out of books of grotesque hybrids of humans and birds, an ongoing theme in Errant’s work throughout his life due to the childhood trauma of his pet cockatoo dying night his sister was born. Rene Margarita’s works featuring people with cloths covering their faces is said to have been influenced by the state Margarita’s mother was found in after committing suicide by drowning-with her dress covering her face. Marcel Duchess’s Futurism inspired piece The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass) was inspired by a performance of the stage adaptation of Recourse’s novel Impressions diffuser which Decamp attended in 1912. 1 1 . The surrealists were rebelling against what its members saw as the destruction brought on by the â€Å"rationalism† of European culture and politics in the past and had deed to the horrors of World War l. They were also rebelling against many conditions of their culture, such the complacency of bourgeois society, sexual repression, as well as current political theories or figures such as capitalism, Fascism, and fascist leaders such as Doll Hitler and Franco. Margarita’s Treachery of Images (This is not a pipe) 12. Surrealist artists intended to revolutionize the human experience, by freeing people from what they viewed as false rationality, and restrictive customs and social structures. As Andre Breton claimed, the true aim of Surrealism is â€Å"long live the social evolution, and it alone! â€Å". For example, Margarita’s â€Å"The Treachery of images [This is not a pipe)† aimed to challenge the linguistic convention of identifying an image of something as the thing itself, and was a reaction to the â€Å"Rationalism† that surrealists believed led Europe into World War l. Margarita intentions in creating his work â€Å"The Rape†, which depicts a woman’s head with breasts and genitals on the face instead of facial features, was to comment on the common view of women at this time as simply compromised objects that exist only for male satisfaction. Duchess’s intentions in reading his artwork â€Å"fountain† which was a urinal laid flat on its back rather than it usual upright position, was to challenge society and the art world’s idea of what was or what could be art. He wanted to bring about the idea that art did not have to be created by the artist, it could simply be an everyday object selected by the artist and altered so it no longer had a practical use. 13. Many of the Surrealist artists developed a trademark style, technique or motif that appeared throughout their works. Joan Mirror has become well known for his colorful, biomorphic forms, roughly metric shapes, and barely recognizable objects expressed in multiple media, from ceramics and engravings to large bronze installations. Yves Tansy’s artworks usually feature vast, abstract landscapes, mostly in a limited palette of colors, only occasionally showing flashes of contrasting colors. Typically, in these alien landscapes are various abstract shapes, sometimes like shards of glass, sometimes like giant amoebae. Man Rays trademark was that of rich photographs depicting nude women who exuded a sense of subtle eroticism as well as strength and strangeness. His nudes were also often in interesting positions or posed with objects to add to the sinister tone. De Chorizo was known for his use of motifs?empty arcades, towers, elongated shadows, mannequins, and trains among others?that he arranged to create â€Å"images of forlornness and emptiness† that also convey a feeling of â€Å"power and freedom†. Salvador Dali used many symbols in his works. The motif of the â€Å"burning giraffe† in many of his paintings represented a premonition of war, his roaring Siberian tigers symbolized Dalais wife Gala when angered, the wooden crutch homebodies death and resurrection as well as possibly impotence, and grasshoppers were symbols of decay. 14. Art Practice refers to the way in which an artist creates their artworks. The two predominant styles of practice in surrealism was the technique of abstract surrealism, often with the use of automatism, or the realistic, dream-like form of surrealism. Joan Mirror became well-known for his use of automatism, while Salvador Dali gained worldwide success for his realistic, dreamboats paintings. Salvador DALi Soft self-portrait with grilled bacon 1941 oil on canvas 1. Xx. 0 CM Salvador DALi Salvador Dali was born May 1 1, 1904 in Figures, Spain. From an early age Dali was encouraged to create art and later went on to study art at an academy in Madrid. During his studies, he was influenced by several different artistic styles, including Metaphysics and Cubism. In the sass’s Dali went to Paris and began interacting with Picasso, Emigrate, and Mirror. During his time in Paris, Dali painted a number of works that displayed Picasso influence, and did much experimentation with his art, leading to his first Surrealist phase in 1929. He created oil paintings which were small collages of his dream images. His work employed a meticulous classical technique, influenced by Renaissance artists, which contradicted the â€Å"unreal dream† setting he created with strange hallucinatory figures. Even before this period of his art, Dali was an avid reader of Sigmund Fraud’s psychoanalytic theories. As his style matured, Dalais works became more and more affected by Freud and were increasingly shaped into dreamlike illustrations. In 1929, Dali met the Russian Gala, who would become his wife and muse. By 1930, Salvador Dali had become a tortuous figure in the Surrealist movement, with his painting The Persistence of Memory (1931) being produced to much acclaim. The painting shows melting pocket watches in a landscape setting. As war approached in Europe, specifically in Spain with the rise of the fascist leader Franco, Dali clashed with members of the Surrealist movement. In a â€Å"trial† held in 1934, he was expelled from the group, but that did not prevent him from continuing his painting, which took on a technical brilliance combining meticulous detail with fantastic and limitless imagination. Joan Mirror The Nightingale’s Song at Midnight and the Morning Rain 1940 Joan Mirror (1893-1983) was a world renowned Spanish Catalan painter, sculptor and ceramist who was born in Barcelona. Mirror moved to Paris at an early age, where he began to develop his unconventional style of art making. He soon became known in the art world as a Surrealist because of his love for automatism and the use of sexual symbols in much of his work. Joan Mirror was against the established painting methods of the time, and is often said to have been the founder of automatic drawing. During his career, Joan Mirror experimented with many different types of art arm, refusing to commit to one artistic movement, even experimenting with tapestry. Joan Mirror also began to delve into other aspects of media, including ceramics and window paintings. At the time of his death, Joan Mirror was bedridden from heart disease and respiratory complications. He died at his home in Palm, Mallory on December 25th, 1983. He is buried in his home town of Barcelona, near a museum that is dedicated entirely to his work. Today, his works are displayed in museums and galleries all over the world, and sell for anywhere between $250,000 and $17 million. By Lucy McKnight How to cite Surrealism Research Task, Essays

Sound and music industry free essay sample

The sound and music Industry tasks Introduction: Music industry has four areas. The different roles and jobs are link to the different areas of music industry. People need to sign the contracts and every areas of music industry have different content of contracts. People or companies have copyright. Licensing and copyright are very important in music industry. Pl Describe four areas of the music Industry. 1. Music publishing In the music industry a music publisher or company is an entity that develops, protects and values music.Retailer, freelancer are needed in music publishing. 2. Record labels Recording companies are huge corporations own a variety of record labels. Recorder and business affairs are needed In record labels. 3. Live performance Live performance is an important aspect of the music industry because it is the best publicity and means of income and artist can have. Bands and sales are needed in live performance. 4. Artist management There are different types of managers. Professional managers make a living solely from artist management and often have many clients working professionally or affiliated with a major record label.Artist development and art department are needed in artist management. MI Explain four areas of the music Industry. The artist and the publisher share a symbiosis relationship. Music publishers are responsible for the development of new music as well as taking care of the business side allowing songwriters and composers to concentrate on their creative work. They publish music products. Most large record companies are huge conglomerates own a variety of subsidiary record labels. The subsidiary labels are each mint-companies operating under the intro of a larger corporation. They record music.Live performance Is comprised from the work of different people. Include booking perform many are dedicated music clubs, taverns, bars, coffee houses, festivals, fairs, concert halls, schools, churches, and even record stores. Live performance is a way to know what to do in the next step and how to make a change to expand artists popularity. Managers are important for the business because they take care of paperwork, keeping with commitments and other menial tasks thus allowing the artist to focus completely on music. Del Comment critically on four areas of the music industry. He publishing side of the music business is concerned with the songs themselves. Publishers employ A people in much the same way as record companies do, but because the song itself is all important. And although the parent companies of the major record labels also have their own publishing companies an artist would sign a separate deal with each or could sign with a totally different publishing company. Ere function of the publisher is to collect royalty payments on behalf of the songwriter and pass these on after taking a percentage for themselves.A good publisher will also be pro-active in seeking to place songs on film and TV soundtracks, adverts and compilations and will use their contacts to promote suitable songs for use by established artists. Music publishing Just publish the music, its not the same Ninth record labels or the other companies. Its perfectly possible for a songwriter to be signed by a publisher before a CD has been released or even before that songwriter has a record deal. Quite often a good publishing company will spot a promising writer at an early stage, offer advice, nurture their song-writing skills and help to secure a recording contract.Record labels Just record the music. When they finish recording they will give the right to the music publishing companies to publish the works. 4. Live performance Live performance is a huge work. Through the live performance we can know how to Improve and how to make some changes of the artists. Live performance is an important aspect of the music industry because it is the best publicity and means of income and artist can have. Live performance can be a lot of form and it needs different roles to do different things. Its comprised from the work of different people. Include booking agents, promoters, venue operators.There are many different ensues that artists can perform many are dedicated music clubs, taverns, bars, coffee houses, festivals, fairs, concert halls, schools, churches, and even record stores. 5. Artists management nothing is left to interfere with the delicate creative process is the managers Job. They will be involved in any decision that directly concerns the artists earning potential. A manager must be prepared to negotiate with record labels, publishers, tour managers, booking agents, promoters, producers, lawyers, accountants, urinalysis, photographers, merchandisers, fan clubs and often the artists friends and family.Whilst it is important for both parties that the manager is a fan of the music, they must remain objective about the look, sound and next career moves of their artist. In an ideal scenario, everyone will have the same objectives and will trust and respect each others decisions and motives. Any interested record company will suggest, if not insist, that an artist be signed with an experienced, professional manager; recognizing the importance of the role. A manager can expect to receive twine 15% and 25% of an artists gross earnings. PI Describe the roles associated with an area of music industry. . Music publishing Composer, royalties, retailer, freelancer, art department, publisher, sales, recorder, lawyers are needed for music publishing. Artist development, recorder, art department, business affairs, publisher are needed for record labels. 3. Artist management Artist development, art department, lawyers are needed for artist management. 5. Live performance ands, retailer, booking agents, sales, promoters, publicity, producer, lawyers, and publishers are needed for live performance. Some roles are connected. There are some same roles needed in different areas of music industry.MM Explain the roles associated with an area of music industry. 1. Music publishing lawyers Artist development, recorder, art department, business affairs, publisher Artist development, art department, ands, retailer, booking agents, sales, promoters, publicity, producer, lawyers, publisher DO Comment critically on the roles associated with an area of music 23 Describe the contracts associated with an area of music industry. The contracts re link to the music companies. The contract is valid the legal approval procedures are complete. The contracts are needed in music publishing and it is very important. If the artists want to publish an album or other music product, they need to build and sign a contract. They need an agreement with the company each other then they can start to record and publish. MM Explain the contracts associated with an area of music industry. Generally for entering into a Music Business Contract, an individual or a huge company should create a Music Business Contract which has the complete plan of the individual and he services offering, Scope of the contract, Duration of contract, Team investment, Return on Investment, Team Definition and contributions from this contract.DO Comment critically on the contracts associated with an area of music industry. 25 Describe the importance of licensing and royalties in the music industry. When an artists song or composition is played on the radio or used in any other means of broadcasting communication the artist is entitled to royalties. The exclusive rights, granted by law for a stated period, usually until 70 years after the death of the arriving author of the work, to make, disposes of, and otherwise control copies of literary, musical, dramatic, pictorial and other copyrightable works.MM Explain the importance of licensing and royalties in the music industry. A license is merely a legal permission from the copyright holder or from a third-party that represents a copyright holder to use a musical work. A royalty is the money paid by a user to obtain the license. Sometimes, licenses are granted directly by the copyright holder to the end user, especially for expensive, complex, or high profile uses, like sing a piece of music in a movie or in a national advertising campaign.DO Comment critically on the importance of licensing and royalties in the music Industry. If a composer had written a lot of songs, getting into music licensing is a example, if a feature film, advertisement or TV show likes a song, they will r equest a music license for the composition. Many talented individuals are deprived in pursuing their musical career due to lack of knowledge and exposure to licensing. In fact, in many cases the only thing that one can do as talented composer is to pursue music licensing. A publisher represents your songs in the business of music.Tasks such as music licensing, negotiating licensing, collecting royalties and making sure that you get paid at the proper amount at the proper time are all part of the publishing process and what a publisher does. It is very astonishing at the amount of composers that are oblivious to the most important aspect of the music business and daily lose out on substantial earnings generated through licensing. A well-connected publishing will allow you to flourish as a composer and allow your compositions to earn you credits, money and the recognition that you deserve.

Vocaloid Technology and Japanese Anime Culture Essay Example For Students

Vocaloid Technology and Japanese Anime Culture Essay In modern Japan, popular musics are always related to idols as being one of the Japanese social mainstreams. For the consumers, most of the idols are popular due to their stage appearances and visual attractions rather than their musical or vocal skills. However, there is one additional technique that Japanese use to produce unique idols and tend to distinguish them from other common idols. They are manufacture idols, which are good examples of how Japanese make new innovations in their pop culture. Manufacture idols system is a combination of anime-like characters and the technology in Japan. Both of these factors are huge in Japan and are well combined in other field of works. With the great novelty and the visual attractions behind the idea, manufacture idols become very popular in Japan; and because anime and technology are two widespread cultures in Japan, their combination make the manufacture idols system carry a very uniquely Japanese style. Japan has huge technological industries as its recent technology fast developed. The Japanese are likely and even proud to use technological productions, and many of the creative ideas are based on their technology. We will write a custom essay on Vocaloid Technology and Japanese Anime Culture specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Similarly, Manufacture idols came from a technological software called â€Å"Vocaloid†. Vocaloid is originated from the singing synthesizer system which dates back to â€Å"a research by Kelly et al in 1962 when there have been various singing synthesizers proposed since then, whether they are commercial or noncommercial† (Kenmochi, 2012). However, Kenmochi (2012) also indicates that â€Å"those singing synthesizers have not been widely used in musical creation, although some musicians experimentally utilized them in their music. Later on, Japan became one of the countries that tended to develop this type of technology. â€Å"Since 2007, there has been a big boom of musical contents using singing synthesis software especially in Japan† while â€Å"amateur musicians use singing synthesis software to create their original compositions. (Kenmochi, 2012). Vocaloid was developed by Yamaha Corporation which is a Japanese multinational corporation, and it came out as a commercial singing synthesis software and are widely used in Japan. Yet, According to Kenmochi and Ohshita’s article (2007) Vocaloid is not released by Yamaha Corp. â€Å"Yamaha licenses the technology and software to third-party companies. Those companies develop and release their own singer library bundled with the Vocaloid software. Since 2004, five products have been released with Vocaloid version 1 so far: â€Å"Leon†, â€Å"Lola†, and â€Å"Miriam† from Zero-G Limited, UK, and â€Å"Meiko† and â€Å"Kaito† from Crypton Future Media, Japan† (Kenmochi Ohshita, 2007). These first released Vocaloid characters (known as Vocaloid 1) have different voices and appearance, and they are divided to different language categories as some of them were released by the British company and others were released by the Japanese company. The voices of these characters were not completely artificial. Instead, the producers collected the sample voices from certain singers or voice actors first, and then produced the singer library. Musicians with certain musical knowledge and technique could make musics by using Vocaloid, and they could choose to make musics for certain characters based on their preference on looks or voices. Vocaloid consists of three parts. Score Editor provides an environment in which the user can input notes, lyrics, and optionally some expressions; Singer Library, mentioned previously, is a database of samples (mostly diphones) extracted from real people’s singing; and Synthesis Engine receives score information, selects necessary samples from Singer Library and concatenates them. Kenmochi Ohshita, 2007) Later on, more and more characters came out in Japan released either by companies such as Crypton Future Media or on the Internet. These new characters are known as Vocaloid 2 and the second generation of Vocaloid software, and they embodied the same technology used in Vocaloid 1. Eventually, in 2007, Vocaloid technique and its characters became a huge boom in Japanese pop culture. Many music production teams in Japan started to make songs for these characters, and these producers are known as characters’ masters. Moreover, as the first Vocaloid 2 character Hatsune Miku came out followed by various Vocaloid characters, more and more amateur musicians (especially those who like electronic musics) joined to make Vocaloid musics; more anime fans started to support such products; and more other audiences appeared to be interested in such innovations. Different characters came out with different Vocaloid software and are released by different companies and medias. The productions began to play a big role in the music market in Japan. Like Goto says in his research â€Å"As music synthesizers generating various instrumental sounds are already widely used and have become indispensable to popular music production, it is historically inevitable that singing synthesizers will become more widely used and likewise indispensable to music production† (Goto). How technology naturally involved in Japanese music is indeed incredible. As we perceive in the naming of Hatsune Miku which could translated to â€Å"the first sound from the future†, we simply discover how Japanese producers and audiences strongly pursue the advanced technology. However, the fascination of the technology is not only manifested in the scientific technique that is used in Vocaloid, but is also displayed in the way people make the anime characters doing vivid musical movements and expressions like humans. As Hatsune Miku and other Vocaloid characters were developed to music and game market, besides the technological success in some human-like elements reflected in their singing such as breathiness, portamento, etc. hey are required to have dance movements, gestures and even facial expressions. Nevertheless, as she sometimes appears in 3D image, Hatsune Miku is very different from both real humans and most of two dimensional anime figures. Thus, she is like a robot on the computer that is more likely to be stiff, and it is very hard to make her and other characters move as smooth and lively as humans or two dimensional anime characters do. Yet, creators took efforts to make their characters mimic the musical gestures and expressions of humans. .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a , .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .postImageUrl , .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a , .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a:hover , .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a:visited , .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a:active { border:0!important; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a:active , .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Japanese Gardens in the United States EssayFrom my perspective, this process is very similar to another scientific process relates to movements of musical robots although it is easier to make 3D characters do human-like movements than a real robot. Similar to the Vocaloid characters, Japanese also concern about the vividness among the robotic movement of musical robots. â€Å"Humanoid robots are polyvalent, and thus are perfect platforms for synthesizing the work from specialized, disparate domains. The idea is to develop a general ‘emotional intelligence’–an ability to express emotion in music as well as speech, gesture, and other modalities. (Lim, Og ata, Okuno, 2012) For instance, musical robots should imitate some natural habit of human musicians when they are playing music. â€Å"Human musicians naturally use visual cues such as eye contact and instrument movement to coordinate with fellow ensemble players, similar to conductors who use their batons to indicate beats. In fact, a study on clarinetist’s movements found that â€Å"movements related to structural characteristics of the piece (e. g. tempo)† were consistently found among player subjects. Movements included â€Å"tapping of one’s foot or the moving of the bell up and down to keep rhythm. Although we do not claim that all musicians use movements when performing, we believe that identifying common, natural gestures is a starting point to using vision as a human-robot interface. † (Lim, Mizumoto, Cahier, Otsuka, Takahashi, Komatani, Okuno, 2010). Likewise, Vocaloid characters are required to do human-like gestures when they are singing and dancing in games and perform at concerts. In this case, Japanese producers did a good job on creating dancing movements and facia l expressions for these characters by using advanced animation technology. They led the Vocaloid character (especially Hatsune Miku) to be on the stage like real idols by using the advanced 3D technology, and unfolded the vivid impressions of characters before their audiences’ eyes. â€Å"Although Hatsune Miku is a virtual singer, she has already had live concerts with human musicians in Japan, USA, and Singapore† (Goto). Although these characters have not reached the state of doing movements and expressions exactly the same as real humans, they appeal to their consumers very positively for their almost lively human-like characteristics. Moreover, the advanced animation technique in Japan definitely helps Japanese producers approach the goal, as the anime culture being one of the most popular social phenomenons in Japan’s market. Vocaloid characters are popular not only because of their unique singing style that is distinguished from humans’ voices, but also because of their anime appearance. For example, Hatsune Miku, the most representative Vocaloid character in Japan, was actually just a simple print on the Vocaloid software package at the beginning. However, such simple illustration has enough visual attractions to Japanese due to Japan’s widespread anime culture. Before games and concerts of Vocaloid characters came out, people had very few information about these characters. The only information they gained was the characters’ personalities which is portrayed in some typical published songs written by these characters’ â€Å"masters†. Therefore, amateur anime artists made videos of characters dancing and singing, and sometimes they tended to post their work on some popular website in Japan. People draw and post different illustrations of Hatsune Miku. Then people started to create videos, such as promotion videos for musicians, with such original songs and drawings. Some people even create 3D models of Hatsune Miku and create 3D animation videos. † (Hamasaki, Takeda, Nishimura, 2008). Apparently, it was not the production companies who promoted the idea of making the characters visually alive; it was the audiences who involved into animation works and advanced computer technology at first. Such phenomenon reflects that how Japanese, especially the younger generation, are highly involved in modern technology and animation as two of their social mainstreams. After such a huge impact happened to the consumers of Vocaloid characters, many more corporations and companies were involved to various productions of making animation images of Vocaloid characters. Some game companies such as PENTA and Tones Studio made Hatsune Miku a game character or made her sing one of the background songs in the games. Other CD company such as Frontier Works recorded some old songs, but some of them were sung by Hatsune Miku. Additionally, as more and more people continue using Vocaloid characters to sing their favorite or original songs, some amateur singers even sing the characters’ original songs and post them online. The website that receives most of these posts is called Nico Nico Douga, which is the most popular video sharing website in Japan. The websites’ basic service mostly resembles that of YouTube, besides most of the posts are animation work as â€Å"Douga† means animation in Japanese. What is more interesting than YouTube, is that â€Å"a user can add comments about a specific playback time at a specific position in the video which gives people a sense of sharing the viewing experience virtually. Furthermore, the creator can instantly know which specific moment or specific scene is appreciated by a viewer† (Hamasaki, Takeda, Nishimura, 2008). Videos relates to Vocaloid stuff are usually categorized as â€Å"hot topic† on this website. Such popularity on an animation website implies that Vocaloid system manifests the interaction between audiences and Japanese anime culture. Moreover, Characters like Hatsune Miku are always engaged with Japanese anime culture even they do not have any story or background. Anime fans can easily create stories, images and even personality for them according to the contexts among their well-known songs. â€Å"voice-generating software called Vocaloid, which makes anime-like songs in the voice of an imaginary character called Hatsune Miku (lit. â€Å"first sound of the future†), inspired fans to develop images, stories and videos around the synthetic voice. .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f , .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .postImageUrl , .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f , .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f:hover , .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f:visited , .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f:active { border:0!important; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f:active , .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Today, Telecommunications Technology Affects Lives To A Greater Degree EssayThere is even a blog that tracks the best fan-made music videos featuring this character† (Condry, 2009). Such enthusiasm among anime fans reflects the connection between Hatsune Miku and Japanese anime culture. In Japan, it is very common to consider a virtual idol like Hatsune Miku as popular even though she does not have any musical or vocal skill. Japanese audiences always have obsessions with visual attractions. Not every idol have to be good at singing or instruments, but popular idols are always good-looking, cute or sexually attractive. Hatsune Miku, with cute anime looking, is attractive to a lot of Japanese heterosexual male fans. However, as she being an anime character, she is still different from other living idols. For one thing, Hatsune Miku is never separated from the engagement with the consumers. To be more specific, living idols engage with their audiences when they perform on the stage or acting certain roles, but they separate from their public images when they come back to their private life. â€Å"stars have an existence in the world independent of their screen/ â€Å"fiction† appearances, it is possible to believe. hat as people they are more real than characters in the stories. † (Dyer, 1998) On the contrary, as a virtual character as most of anime characters are, Hatsune Miku has devoted everything to her fans. She does everything that satisfies her consumers and keeps her pure and ideal image. Such characteristic is very common in Japanese anime culture and is quite fascinating for a nime fans and especially for otaku. â€Å"Otaku, which translates to the English term nerd, was a slang term used by amateur manga artists and fans themselves in the 1980s to describe weirdos (henjin). The original meaning of otaku is your home and, by association, you, yours, and home (Kinsella, 1998). When normal anime fans like to talk to each other about their common interests, anime otaku people prefer just engaging with two dimensional or virtual anime characters. Although otaku culture is strange from an American perspective, it is still somehow considered as a symbol of contemporary Japanese society, as it reflects a popular phenomenon in Japanese younger generation. Otaku came to represent a younger generation so intensely individu-alistic they had become dysfunctional, a generation of ‘isolated people who no longer have any sense of isolation. ’ The dysfunctionality of otaku proved the unhealthy nature of individualistic lifestyles† (Kinsella, 1998). In this case, Vocaloid characters are tied to otaku culture because of their two dimensional or virtual images. â€Å"the virtual idols very clearly ties together the otaku obsession with computer technolo gy, animation technology, robotic or otherwise artificial bodies and the kind of femininity presented by the living idol† (Black, 2012). Male anime otaku are usually obsessed with bishojo(pretty girls in Japanese) in animation works like Hatsune Miku, because â€Å"the virtual idol can satisfy fan desires in the way that living idols can not† (Black, 2012) Thus, Vocaloid certainly has an attractions towards anime fans and otaku, which can be another engagement between Vocaloid and anime culture. On the other hand, for anime fans or even other audiences, the gender interpretation appears to be more ideal on virtual characters. Choo mentioned that anime girls are more ideal with big eyes and smooth skin, and sometimes they involve in sexualized images in the contexts. In addition, anime boys are more attractive for female consumers because of their slim bodies and pretty faces (Choo, 2008). Therefore, with the same gender oriented attraction, Vocaloid characters gain more attentions from their heterosexual fans, and have more advantages because of their anime imagery. In conclusion, Vocaloid is an extremely representative symbol of Japanese pop culture. Among many music forms in Japan, Vocaloid music reflects how Japanese is good at making innovations, as they blend advanced cyber technology and Japanese anime culture. However, the novelty inside this music form is explicit not only due to the genius combination, but also due to the reactions from the Japanese consumers. As we watch Hatsune Miku’s 3D image dancing on the stage with hundred thousands of living fans, we can simply realize how Japanese audiences support their technology and anime culture. Bibliography: Black, D. (2012). The Virtual Idol: Producing and Consuming Digital Femininity.Idols and Celebrity in Japanese Media Culture, 209. Choo, K. (2008). Girls Return Home: Portrayal of Femininity in Popular Japanese Girls’ Manga and Anime Texts during the 1990s in Hana yori Dango and Fruits Basket.  Women: a cultural review,  19(3), 275-296. Condry, I. (2009). Anime Creativity Characters and Premises in the Quest for Cool Japan.  Theory, Culture Society,  26(2-3), 139-163. Dyer, R., McDonald, P. (1998).  Stars. BFI Pub.. Page 8. Goto, M. Grand Challenges in Music Information Research}}.  Multimodal Music Processing},  3, 217-226. IEEE. Hamasaki, M., Takeda, H., Nishimura, T. (2008, October). Network analysis of massively collaborative creation of multimedia contents: case study of hatsune miku videos on nico nico douga. In  Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Designing interactive user experiences for TV and video  (pp. 165-168). ACM. Kenmochi, H. (2012, March). Singing synthesis as a new musical instrument. In  Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2012 IEEE International Conference on  (pp. 5385-5388). IEEE. Kenmochi, H., Ohshita, H. (2007). Vocaloid–commercial singing synthesizer based on sample concatenation.  Proc. Interspeech 2007, 4011-4010. Kinsella, S. (1998). Japanese subculture in the 1990s: Otaku and the amateur manga movement.  Journal of Japanese Studies, 289-316. Lim, A., Mizumoto, T., Cahier, L. K., Otsuka, T., Takahashi, T., Komatani, K., Okuno, H. G. (2010, October). Robot musical accompaniment: integrating audio and visual cues for real-time synchronization with a human flutist. InIntelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on  (pp. 1964-1969). Lim, A., Ogata, T., Okuno, H. G. (2012). Towards expressive musical robots: a cross-modal framework for emotional gesture, voice and music.  EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing,  2012(1), 3.

The Hospitality and Tourism Market in Victoria State Australia

The Hospitality and Tourism Market in Victoria State Australia Introduction The tourism and hospitality is one of the fastest growing industries in Australia. The industry takes a larger portion of the economy and plays a vital role in the Australian economy. The tourism industry not only operates nationally but also fully participates in the global market economy. The industry is currently recording massive improvements especially due to the recovery in the world economy from the disastrous economic meltdown that was previously.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Hospitality and Tourism Market in Victoria State Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Victoria tourism and hospitality industry stands out to be the second largest in the whole of Australia with flourishing businesses ranging from restaurants, cafes, hotel services, bars, pubs, clubs as well as well furnished apartments. The industry is famous for its high quality and customer friendly facilities that provi de customers with the desired comfort (Kayler, 1995, p. 178). Factors influencing the growth of the industry The global economic recovery has led to the tremendous growth of the tourism and hospitality industry in Victoria. Victoria is also renowned for its quality restaurants and hospitality facilities that highly attract more tourists and visitors. In addition to this, the industry incorporates a number of organizations and institutions that provide important information to their potential visitors and thereby making known worldwide the quality services provided in Victoria. Such organizations include the Baking Industry Association of Victoria and Artisan Bakers Association among others (Bergin and Jago 1999, p. 342). Also the foreign investment regulations within the state are moderate and highly promote investment from the foreigners and therefore this has attracted many investments from both the foreign and local investors. In addition to the above factors, tourism in Victoria has also been influenced primarily the reduction in the oil prices, which led to the subsequent reduction in airline surcharges and therefore leading to decrease in the airfares charges, especially regarding longer routes. This as a result has led to the increase in the number of tourists visiting the state. Generally, Australia has improved its aviation facilities in the recent past, especially routes linking to the international countries like the United States and the United Kingdom. The increased capacity has translated into more visitors and tourists visiting the country.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More SWOT Analysis of the Victoria state As outlined before, the tourism and hospitality industry in Victoria is the second largest in Australia and the most famous because of the quality services offered by their ultra-modern facilities. The industry has a workfo rce of more than 115000 workers who accounts for a good percentage of 4.4% of the total labor force within Victoria State. In Victoria State, hospitality and tourism incorporates a number of businesses whose services are tailored toward meeting the consumer’s ever increasing demands (Bergin and Jago 1999, p. 342). They include accommodation facilities, restaurants, cafà ©, bars and pubs, catering services, facilities for hosting meetings and events both for business purposes, managing, and coordinating tour operations, providing relevant information to tourists, conducting tour guiding, managing holiday parks, conducting and organizing cultural tourism, casinos, and caravan park operations. The state of Victoria is within the southern region of Australia that is widely known both locally and internationally as a key tourism destination. Therefore, the strategic location of the state is an added advantage to them (Kayler, 1995, p. 178). The state has the aging population as t heir working population and due to inadequate skilled personnel within the young population, it means that most of the old staff is retained and this might lead to inefficiency and low output. There is need for skilled and experienced personnel within the young population to replace the old aging population Target market The target market for all the products and services mentioned above is mainly from both the international and the local tourists. For instance, a fall in the growth of tourism will translate into a reduction in the growth of the hospitality industry. This is due to the fact tourists, both local and international, play a major role in the utilization and consumption of the products and services offered in the hospitality industry. Therefore, the hospitality industry is highly dependent on tourism. On the other hand, tourism also relies on the hospitality industry to some degree. For instance, high quality and attractive services offered in the hospitality industry ca n be used as an attraction to tourists who will visit these facilities in order to enjoy the wonderful services offered by them (Bergin and Jago 1999, p. 342).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Hospitality and Tourism Market in Victoria State Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Victoria State covers only three percent of the Australia’s landmass and has a population of approximately 5.13 million people. In addition, almost half of the entire population is below 35 years and therefore forming a good market for the tourism and hospitality industry. The presence of a young population is a good sign that the industry shall continue flourishing due to the available of the domestic market. Victoria also receives a larger number of international tourists who account for 25% of the all tourists visiting Australia. For instance, the state received 1.5 million tourists last year. Therefore, apart from the dom estic tourists from within Australia, Victoria also receives a relatively large number of tourists. Most of their international tourists come from North America, the United Kingdom, China, Japan, Singapore, and New Zealand. Pricing strategies Victoria has gone a step farther by embracing the online booking provisions in their tourism industry. The proposed system that is already in use is a national booking platform for both the international and the local tourists. The system is known as the Tourism Exchange Australia (TXA) that contains a large database of all the products and services provided by the Australian tourism and hospitality industry. All the businesses listed by the Australian Tourism and Data Warehouse (ATDW) will have their products and services accessible online and booking made possible because the data warehouse contains all the vital information including the prices for the services and products. All the locally developed booking systems are also linked to this e xchange system that enables online selling of the services and products and therefore increasing the sales for the industry. The system also supports online establishment of agreements between the tourism industry and the prospective buyer and therefore making it more effective. Operators of the respective businesses can access the database and update their prices for the various services and products (Kayler, 1995, p. 178). Promotional practices Domestically, the government and other institutions related to the industry have come up with strategies that are aimed at publicizing the industry to the Australian population. Some of the ways embraced by the state to advertise its tourism industry include play Melbourne campaign that advertises Melbourne as a city with hidden treasures. This has been achieved through a number of ways including using local media and press and media. This is extended to the online websites and is meant to encourage local tourists from all over Australia to dare visit Melbourne and discover the treasures that lies within the city.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is part of the larger Victoria jigsaw campaign meant to promote Victoria’s tourism and hospitality industry locally, within the Australian population and also reach to the international community. Also there are committees put in place to facilitate and coordinate regional campaigns. The publicity campaigns are aimed at branding all the cities and towns within Victoria as unique places worth visiting (Stabb, 1999, p. 123). On the international scale, various campaigns and strategies have been formulated to see to it that the State’s tourism and hospitality industry is well known to the international community. There is an international marketing division, Tourism Victoria, which works closely with the other stakeholders within the industry in marketing Victoria to the international countries. The division formulates winning strategies to market the industry in international countries. It has offices in other countries that fall within their target markets. This is to help in easier coordination of advertising activities in those countries and keep in touch with the potential customers (Kayler, 1995, p. 178). Tourism Victoria works handy with Tourism Australia, Australian Airlines, major industry stakeholders in liaison with the Victorian tourism industry in a bid to sell the industry to the prospective tourists and visitors. The international marketing strategies are carried out in two ways including the trade and consumer strategies. Both strategies are meant to assisting in attaining an increase in familiarity by the potential consumers on the tourism and hospitality facilities within Victoria. They are also targeted at branding Victoria as the leading tourist destination as far arts and cultures, events, recreation, catering, and wine services are concerned (Rose, 1991, p. 412). In consumer marketing, Tourism Victoria has a stronger influence on all activities conducted by Tourism Australia in the foreign markets. In some instances, the d ivision runs autonomous brand campaigns to advertise Victoria to the international community. There is a website tailored to provide relevant information to those aspiring to visit Victoria as well as advertising it as the main destination point for all tourism activities. There are both written content and video on the website to provide the required information. The information available is in different languages so as to reach as many people as possible. In trade marketing, Tourism Victoria works in partnership with Australian based inbound tour operators by organizing and coordinating workshops and trainings to familiarize them with available tourism opportunities within Victoria. The division also organizes trade fairs and exhibitions to their prospective consumers both nationally and internationally. Tourism Australia also in partnership with local and international airlines carries out cooperative promotions for publicizing Victoria’s tourism potential to the internati onal countries. This is done with most of the airlines and distribution networks and therefore widening their market by creating awareness among the potential consumers globally (Kotler, Bowen and Makens 2010, p. 441). An official website managed by the state provides a variety of information to the potential visitors concerning the tourism facilities in Victoria State. There is a provision on the same website under tourism for the local tour operators and stakeholders in the hospitality industry to showcase their businesses on the website and display the range of products and services they offer. This form of online marketing is meant to cover as many businesses as possible and advertise them to the both local and international communities. Conclusion and recommendations From the information in the sections above, it is true that the tourism industry in Victoria has well established framework to support their activities at the same time ensure sustainability in the industry. The st ate has played a significant role in ensuring that Victoria continues not to be only Australia’s tourism destination point but also the world’s most attractive tourist site. However, there are still shortcomings that need to be correction to ensure long term improvement and growth in the sector (Kayler, 1995, p. 178). Even though the industry seems to be on an upward trend, more is required for the industry to start operating at its optimum and therefore maximize on the available opportunities in the industry. Both the government and the various stakeholders in the industry have a role to play in ensuring success of the industry. Therefore, the following are some of the recommendations that need consideration in order o reap maximally from the tourism and hospitality industry and make Victoria a tourism haven in the whole of Australia and the world at large. The accreditation system put in place to certify operators in the industry needs improvement. The current system of accreditation has not had any impact on the service delivery to the final consumers. Some of the operators, even after receiving accreditation, are still rendering poor services to their customers. A good number of businesses have untrained personnel who do not meet the requirements for the industry. Therefore, the government should consider such factors as employee skills and knowledge as well as availability of quality facilities before accrediting the operators. Also continued vetting should be thorough to ensure that accredited operators maintain the required standards of service provision to their customers (Bergin and Jago 1999, p. 342). The government in partnership with the respective shareholders should build a competitive digital capability that will ensure Victoria competes favorably with the other international competitors. This can be achieved by incorporating more competent personnel in managing online marketing and coming up with ways of expanding the service so a s to cover the entire global market. The government should encourage investment into the tourism industry by offering more incentives and subsidies that will attract both the local and foreign investors into the industry. This will facilitate the expansion of the industry and therefore fasten its growth. The government can also partner with the other stakeholders in developing the infrastructure, especially the transport and communication network within the state so as to open Victoria to the rest of the world. The various tourism sites should have a good transport system (Bergin and Jago 1999, p. 342). The government should encourage domestic tourism and give more attention to the training of personnel to work in the industry. Regular workshops and trainings help sharpen the skills of those working in the industry and inform them of the current trends and emerging issues in the global market. The state should work handy with the other states to eliminate cut-throat competition, esp ecially on the international market. It will also give them a common bargaining front and therefore lead to reduction in trade barriers imposed on them by the international countries (Baum and Hagen 1999, p. 299). Reference List Baum, T. and Hagen, L., 1999. Responses to Seasonality: the Experiences of Peripheral Destinations. International Journal of Tourism Research, 1(5), pp. 299-312. Bergin, S. and Jago, L.J., 1999. Accreditation of Adventure Tour Operators: The Consumer Perspective 1999 CAUTHE National Research Conference. Adelaide Bureau of Tourism Research. Kayler, T.W., 1995. Tourism Accreditation and Quality Assurance: Strategic Directions for Victoria. Tourism Victoria. Kotler, P., Bowen, T.J. and Makens, C.J., 2010. Marketing for hospitality and tourism. 5th ed. Sydney: culinary and hospitality industry publication services. Rose, R., 1991. What is Lesson-drawing? Glasgow: Centre for the Study of Public Policy. Stabb, C., 1999. Review of Membership for Involvement in Coop erative Promotions Funded by Tourism Victoria. Tourism Victoria.

Law of Business Transactions assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law of Business Transactions assignment - Essay Example nited Floors Ltd had included an exclusion clause in its contract, which required intimation of any alleged defects within three weeks of fitting the carpets. As such, it had included a clause, whereby its liability per contract was to be restricted to five hundred pounds. Peter is seeking refund of the two, thousand, three hundred pounds paid by him and compensation for the business lost, during the time the carpet was being replaced. United Floors Ltd refuses to accept and relies on its exclusion clause. An exclusion clause can be enforced by resorting to adhesion contracts or standard form contracts. The party which draws up such contracts offers negligible choice to the other party to the contract. In the words of Downes, an authority on contract law, wherever, there is great disparity in the bargaining power of the parties to the contract, exclusion clauses can prove to be extremely prejudicial.1 Legislation like the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 or UCTA and the Unfair Terms of the Consumer Contract Regulations 1999 or UTCCR have been enacted, in order to exercise stringent control on the use of exclusion clauses. The UCTA makes a business liable for not fulfilling obligations or duties that are consequent to what has been done or is to be done in the normal course of business2. Peter’s contract with the United Floors Ltd is subject to the UCTA, because consumer contracts fall under its purview3. In contractual terms reasonableness is of paramount importance and the UCTA verifies as to whether an exclusion clause, after taking into consideration the circumstances that should have normally been known to the contracting parties, is rational4. In this manner the UCTA grants wide discretion to the courts, in determining whether an exclusion clause is reasonable or not. If a contracting party wishes to take recourse to an exclusion clause in the contract, then the onus of establishing its reasonableness rests on it5. The UTCCR deals with all the contractual

Deaf History During Medieval Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Deaf History During Medieval Europe - Essay Example There were only few deaf people of that period, they were famous, successfully, well educated for those times, some of them inherited titles of their ancestors despite their "disease", and some of them had strong positions in society, they took part in political life of their countries. It was only the one side of this problem. The following problem of medieval deaf people were in association of them with evil, witchcraft, and even the Devil. Children born with deafdisabilities were often perceived as the consequence of their mothers' support for satanic beliefs, illustrating both the ableist and patriarchal values of the era. However, it is also the case that under feudalism, deafdisabled people were generally able to make a contribution, in varying degrees, to a largely rural production process. If disabled people were hospitalized, it was in relatively small medieval hospitals where the focus was on palliative care rather than a cure. Such attitudes to deafdisabled people can be explained by the role... The church and feudal orders were meant to reflect heaven on earth - obedience to God via one's superiors: children obeyed their parents, their parents were their lord's vassals and had to obey him, the lord was the king's vassal, laymen obeyed the clergy, monks obeyed their abbot, clergy and laymen obeyed bishops who themselves were feudal lords, bishops and kings obeyed the Pope-at least in theory. Originality and creativity had to await a commission from the church or a lord, otherwise it was anathema. The church had created itself as a reborn "Imperium Romanum" with the Pope as its emperor and Latin as its language. And Church concidered that disabled people, and deaf ones too, were marked by Evil, by Demon. So, that was the thinking that people had: if you were different you were somehow marked. It is also important to say about the extention of the idea that Christ healed the disabled, so if you were disabled Christ did not favor you.The church alsoused this fear of disabilitie s as a threat to join the church or sickness and disabilities would affect you. Thus they hadtoconvince the people thatthose who were disabled or diseased must not be good Christians. The Church had such influence because medicine and science were in their infancy. Since the Church forbid dissection on humans, scienceandmedicine never really grew. People followed mostly a cause and effect approach. But to the end of Medieval period the attitudes to such people became to change, because among them there were very intelligent and talented people. What was the Hearing peoples view of Deaf during this period The industrial system of those times included weaving and artusaning. This required workers to complete tasks in accordance with

I will upload the topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

I will upload the topic - Essay Example The first Patrick Farrell image does not distort the loss of lives in the wake of the earthquakes, instead, it ethically represent a human tragedy. There is a human tragedy in Haiti and the images work well in describing depth of the tragedy to the readers. The photographs gave the depth of the strategy and mobilized support for rebuilding Haiti. Perhaps there could be no other way of making the image more touchy and real. The images are both equally timely because they tend to depict the events following an earthquake in Haiti and the rescue operations taking place. Because Farrell did not face any threat while taking the photos, he did them in a timely manner. All the photographers went all out to publish graphic images and justified their actions by loading what they could bear at the catastrophic scene. It was necessary for Farrell to tell the world, in black and white, how horrible the situation in Haiti. Although some Haitians disagreed with the act of airing insensitive and dehumanizing images, the images successfully passed the message to the world that the earthquake was intense and has consumed lives of many. The disaster was immense and it required intervention from the international community who could only be successfully drawn by understanding the depth of the disaster. The photojournalists aim was to mobilize massive humanitarian action and was deemed an essential aspect of covering the disaster. The images worked well in ensuring that the photojournalists deliver what readers need to see by creating complete and accurate visual report. Farrell made his images real and passed an information that the damage was continuous and that the situation was cruel. It is worth noting that the more the Haiti’s horrific loss was shown in the media the rate of international aid increased. Since the disaster did not involve war casualties, it was necessary to emphasize on the graveness of the natural disaster. The culture that censors visuals

The modern computer system specification

The modern computer system specification Im one of the Managers of the Royal Star Company, also a programmer. When I visited to the Carmel Library, I found how to benefits the computers. So, I wanna report some information. First, we shouldnt need to use the systems of the old computers because of the following reasons. We cant install nowadays software because the systems of old computers will distinguish nowadays computers. If the old computer doesnt have network card, we cant transfer the files or folders to the other computers. Nowadays software need graphic to install, I think that the old computers doesnt have required graphic. As they are old computers, there are many problems to install nowadays softwares such as the memory required, hard-disk required and so on. Especially previous windows such as Windows NT, Windows 98, Windows ME and others. Above the reasons, we should use the modernized computers. I think that the minimum required of the hard-disk is 80GB. To install the windows, the minimum required of the memory is 128MB. And then windows OS (operating system) is important too. The minimum microprocessor rate is 1.0GHz (Giga Hertz).Ill report some modernize specifications to you. They are: Windows XP or later Open Office 3.1 GIMP or Irfan view A free Antivirus like AVG Antivirus or Avast Mozilla Firefox 3.5, Google Chrome 2.0 and Internet Explorer 8.0 Mozilla Thunderbird 2.0 Wireless Broadband gateway for internet connectivity Installation of Printers, optical Media and Scanner. First, we should install windows XP or windows Vista and latest version (Ultimate version) windows 7. These windows have enough memory, graphic and hard-disk. As the modernized version, they can install the latest software. So, we should need to use these versions. The microprocessors of these versions are very good. They can do everything fast. And we should install a free Antivirus like AVG Antivirus to protect our data from the virus attacking. As a good library, we always connect with the foreign customers. So, internet is necessary need. Wanna the internet connectivity good, we should use wireless connection such as Wi-Fi or Wi-Max. I wanna suggest about the internet. I dont wanna use the Dial up connection because this connection needs to renew again. We should install the Mozilla Firefox 3.5, Google Chrome 2.0 and Internet Explorer 8.0.And then; we need to install the printers, optical media and scanner. When we use the printers, we shouldnt use dot-matrix to have good quality. We shouldnt to use the floppy disk because the floppy disk will store small amount of data. So, we need to use memory stick or external hard -disk. Task (2) New systems and peripherals available are: System Board MB725 Intel ® DP55WG Media Series Desktop Boards price = $ 195.00 MB740 Intel ® DG43NB Classic Series Desktop Boards price = $ 151.00 Processor and Memory Architecture As example: -Processor Intel Core i7-870 (2.93 GHz, 8MB)s price = $794.00 Intel Core 2 Duo E8600 (3.33 GHz, 6MB)s price = $ 408.00 Intel Core 2 Quad Q9550 (2.83 GHz, 12MB)price= $ 393.00 -Memory 2GB DDR3-1333 Memorys price = $ 87.00 512mb DDR2-800 Memorys price = $ 22.00 Disk Drive systems 2.5 Serial ATA (SATA) Hard Disk Drive 320GB 7200RPMs price = $ 120.00 E-Disk Altima E2A3 Serial ATA (SATA) solid state flash drives price = $143.00 Peripherals (USB, Fire wire, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi access) -USB (Universal Serial Bus), they are very popular in these years. Every computer includes USB PORT. -Fire Wire is a capable of using the high-speed isochronous transfer mode to support data-transfer rates up to 400Mbps. -Bluetooth example are: Worlds Slimmest Lightest Bluetooth USB Dongle for Wireless connectivity 100 Meters, with 2 years warranty 2.4 GHz of wireless communication Usage. Price is $489.00 (2 years warranty) Bluetooth 100 Meters range Transfer data like Software, Images, Ringtones; Games to you Bluetooth enabled Mobile Phone/PDA. Transfer Voice data Connect to your Phone/PDAs Modem. Price is $499.00 GNET Presents to you USB Hub Bluetooth Dongle Mega Combo Deal. Now taste this deal before it is gone Kit Contents 1 Bluetooth Dongle worth Rs.600 One Four Port Hub worth Prince $499.00 Printers Canon Pixma MP 560 printers price = $89 to $157 HP LaserJet 1320 printers price = $89 to $499 HP Photosmart Premium Touch Smart Web printers price = $279 to $464 Network Hardware and cabling/ Wireless LAN Network Hardware and cabling -Network hardware and cabling is not too hard. -First, we need to clip the cables. -Then, plug them into a system or a computer. Wireless LAN -Wireless LAN is useful in nowadays. -Mostly, it is used in Internet cafes and Game Shops. -LAN (Local Area Network) is a form of networks. -Installing the LAN is like a network. -I will show you the installation of network in Task (4) Task (3) Problems from using old computers.. -At first, the systems will distinguish nowadays computers. So, we cant use nowadays software. -Second, if the old computer doesnt network card, we cant transfer the file or folder to other computers by using network. -Third, the memory and graphic will need to more install. As they are old modernized computers, there are many problems to install nowadays software such as the memory required, hard-disk required and so on. So, we should need to use Modernized Computers because of the above reasons. Software List -windows XP/Vista/7 -Open office 3.1 -GIMP or Irfan view -A free Antivirus like AVG antivirus or Avast -Mozilla Firefox 3.5, Google Chrome 2.0 and Internet Explorer 8.0 -Mozilla Thunderbird 2.0 -Wireless Broadband gateway for internet connectivity -Installation of Printers, Optical Media and Scanner. Hardware List Some hardware lists are as follows: -Intel(R) Core 2 Duo CPU T5750 2.0GHz Pentium 4 -DDR2 4GB -HP Jornada 420/430 Hitachi SH3 (SH3) Palm-size PC 1.2 (SH3) -Microsoft Windows PC (International Unicode) Pentium or compatible (x86) Windows XP -Microsoft Windows PC Intel Pentium or compatible (x86) Windows Vista or Windows XP -Toshiba Genio e550 Intel StrongARM SA-1110 (ARM) Pocket PC (ARM) -HP Jornada 820 Intel Strong ARM SA-1110 190MHz (ARM) HPC Pro (ARM) -Compaq Aero 2150/2180 NEC VR4121 (MIPS) Palm-size PC 1.2 (MIPS) -Apple Macintosh (x86 based) x86 (x86) Apple Macintosh (with Crossover) -Asus AH100 Intel StrongArm SA1100 (ARM) HPC 2000 -Hitachi ePlate HPW-600ET Hitachi SH4 (SH3) HPC Pro (SH3) Project Plans are as follows: -Removing the old system -Install Motherboard -Install CPU -Install RAM -Install Network Card Removing the old system -At first, remove the external I/O Systems. -And then, remove the System Units Cover and remove the Adapter Cards. -Second, removing the cables from the System Board and System Board. -Finally, remove the Power Supply. -Removing the Power Supply Disconnect the exterior power connections from the system unit a system Disconnect the interior power connections Remove the power-supply unit from the system Install Motherboard Motherboard is the physical arrangement in a computer that contains the computers basic circuitry and components. On the typical motherboard, the circuitry is imprinted or affixed to the surface of a firm planar surface and usually manufactured in a single step. In both the AT and ATX designs, the computer components included in the motherboard are: * The microprocessor * (Optionally) coprocessors * Memory * Basic input/output system (BIOS) * Expansion slot * Interconnecting circuitry -Motherboard is the basic component of the PC system. -Motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer. A motherboard, known as the central or primary circuit board makes up a complex electronic system such as a computer. -The motherboard contains the connectors for attaching additional boards. -The physical arrangement in a computer that contains the computers basic circuitry and components. Install the System Board (Motherboard) Verify the whole pattern alignment for the new system board and insert it into the system unit chassis. Install the grounding screws that hold the system board to the brass standoffs in the chassis floor. Reconnect all the cables to the system board (such as Power Connections Front-Panel Connections and Disk-Drive Connections.) Install the option adapter cards in the appropriate expansion-slot connectors (remove slot covers from the back panel of the chassis to accommodate any new cards.) Replace the system units outer cover or side panels. Reconnect all external I/O systems. Start up the system and reconfigure any CMOS Settings required to return the system to its original performance settings. And Then Installing Microprocessors Installing the Memory Modules Installing Support ICs Central Processing Unit (CPU) -The Main Component of a personal computer. -It contains the major structures that make up a computer system. -It performs mathematical and logical computations at incredible speeds. -It is also the brain of the computer. -And install the CPU. Memory -There are (2) types of memories. They are: RAM Random Access Memory ROM Read-only Memory RAM Random Access Memory -It is quick enough to operate directly with the microprocessor. -It can be read from and written to as often as desired. -It is a volatile type of memory. -Its Contents disappear when power is removed from the memory. ROM Read-only Memory -It contains the computers permanent startup programs. -It is non-volatile type of memory. -Its contents remain with or without power being applied. Cache Memory -It is one type of memories. -It performs to use the Data quickly. -An area of special high-speed RAM reserved for improving system performance by holding information that the microprocessor is likely to use. Then, -Install the Power Supply and Install the Video/Monitor Systems. -Install Storage Devices such as Hard-Disk Drive Installation, CD-ROM/DVD Devices Installation and so on -Install Adapter Card-Basic Peripherals (E.g. Installation of the Sound Cards.) -Install Wireless LAN components As a result, -We should need to use modernized computers for the nowadays software. -We should know what is a Motherboard? We should know the Software lists and Hardware Lists. -We should know how to remove or install system Boards steps by steps. Task (4) Installing the windows -Install the windows steps by steps with Installer CD. -As an example, Ill show the installation of the windows XP. Installation of the windows applications Install the Open Office 3.1 -Install the Open Office 3.1 steps by steps. -Ill show with my download pictures. Install A Free Antivirus (AVG) Installation of a Free Antivirus (AVG) is as follow: Installing The Mozilla Firefox 3.5 Mozilla Firefox 3.5 need to install following steps Installing Internet Explorer 8.0 Installing Internet Explorer 8.0 with the following steps. Installing the Mozilla Thunderbird 2.0 Ill show Mozilla Thunderbird 2.0 with my print screen photos. Network Installation -Network installation starts with clipping the network cables. -Then, the clipped cables plugged to the main computer. -For internet, we need to connect with internet modem or wireless router. -For work, we need to distribute with work stations (network sharing computers). -And then, we should install the scanner and network printer. Installation of the network printers A network printer installation allows multiple users and computer to share a single printer, and then having numerous personal printers throughout the home or office. When we install a network printer, make sure it is located in a centralized place so that all users can access it conveniently. Then install the software on each machine. -We may find that newer versions of Windows may already have the necessary drivers installed. Installation of a printer is following steps. Task (5) Common Printer Problems A printer is a peripheral which produces a hard copy (permanent readable text and/or graphics) of documents stored in electronic form. -A printer should have some paper to copy for ready. -Printer needs a officer or a worker to do its processings. -As an electronic device, a printer can use when the electric is powered up. 5 Essentials utilities Using the Device Manager -The Device Manager utility is basically an easy-to-use interface for the Windows 9x/Me and Windows 2000/XP. -We can use the Device Manager utility to manually isolate hardware and configuration conflicts. -In this utility, the presence of plus (+) and minus (-) signs in the nodes of the devices indicates expandable and collapsible information branches at those nodes. -An exclamation point (!) inside a yellow circle whenever a device is experiencing a direct hardware conflict with another device in this utility. -Similarly, a red X appears beside a devices icon when the device has been disabled due to a user-selection conflict. System Editors -The Windows operating systems contain three important editors:System Editor (SysEdit), the Registry Editor (RegEdit and RegEtd32), and the Policy Editor (PolEdit).Windows 2000 also includes a very powerful Group Policy Editor (GPE). -Later versions of MS-DOS contained a small text editor program (EDIT.COM) that enabled users to easily modify text files. -We can start this utility by typing the EDIT command along with the filename at the command prompt. -The editor is particularly useful in modifying the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files. -The MS-DOS Editor is an unformatted text file editor. -To start the SysEdit function, select the Run option form the Start menu. Windows Task Manager -This utility can be used to determine which applications in the system are running or stopped, as well as which resources are being used. -We can also determine what the general microprocessor and memory usage level are. -We can access the Windows 2000/XP Task Manager by pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del or Ctrl+Shift+Esc or we can aso access the Task manager from the pop-up context menu. Ctrl+Shift+Esc key sequence moves directly into Task Manager ,whereas the Ctrl+Alt+Del selection opens the Windows Security menu screen, which offer Task Manager as an option. -To use this utility, select the application from the Applications tab and click the End Task button. If prompted, click the End Task button again to confirm the selection. -The processes tab provides information that can be helpful in tracking down problems associated with slow system operation. -The performance tab provides a graphical summary of the systems CPU and memory usage. Disk Cleanup -Another disk-management tool available in Windows operating systems is the Disk Cleanup utility. -This utility can be used to remove certain types of normally disposable files and optional components from the system to clear additional disk space. -We can access the Disk Cleanup utility through the System Tools entry by selecting Start, Programs, and Accessories. -When it is activated, the Disk Cleanup utility calculates the amount of space that can be regained by emptying the Recycle Bin. -It also examines the space saved by removing downloaded files, temporary files and temporary Internet files. Backup -Backup utilities enable the user to quickly create extended copies of files, groups of files, or an entire disk drive. -The backup and Restore functions can be used to back up and retrieve one or more files to another disk because a backup of related files is typically much larger than a single floppy disk , backup programs normally allow information to be backed up to a series of disks; they also provide file-compression techniques to reduce the size of the files stored on the disks. -It is impossible to read or use the compressed backup files in this format. To be usable, the files must be decompressed (expanded) and restored to the DOS file format. -The Microsoft Backup and Restore disk-management utility is found in both Windows 9x/Me and Windows 2000/XP. -It is not automatically installed when Windows is set up. If the user decides to install this feature, the actual Backup file (Backup.exe) is placed in the C:Program_FilesAccessories directory. -Windows also creates a shortcut icon for the Backup utility in the C:WindowsStart MenuProgramsAccessoriesSystem Tools directory. Task (6) The Operating System Here is the fundamental of Operating System: -The Operating System also called OS is for creating the link between the material resources, the user and the applications (word processor, video, game, etc) -It does not need to send specific information to the peripheral device but it simply sends the information to the operating system. The Operating System also conveys it to the relevant peripheral via its driver. To Benefits the Operating System -To benefits the operating system, we should correctly the roles of the operating system. -Roles of the Operating System Management of the Processor Management of the RAM Management of Input/output Management of execution and application Management of authorizations Files management Information management Pros and cons of Wireless Internet connectivity Not all Windows XP computers with Wi-Fi wireless support are capable of automatic wireless configuration. To verify your Windows XP computer supports this feature, you must access its Wireless Network Connection properties. -It is more comfortable to use than other Internet Access like ADSL, MPT etc -The Lap-tops are easily to connect the Internet with wireless access. -Wireless is very necessary for each company or office. Common boot sequence Error codes, their interpretation and correction The system BIOS is what starts the computer running when you turn it on. -This will vary by the manufacturer of your hardware, BIOS, etc., and especially by what peripherals you have in the PC. The BIOS performs the power-on self test (POST). If there are any fatal errors, the boot process stops. POST beep codes can be found in this area of the Troubleshooting Expert. -The BIOS does more tests on the system, including the memory count-up test which you see on the screen. The BIOS will generally display a text error message on the screen if it encounters an error at this point; these error messages and their explanations can be found in this part of the Troubleshooting Expert.