Vocaloid Technology and Japanese Anime Culture Essay Example For Students

Vocaloid Technology and Japanese Anime Culture Essay In modern Japan, popular musics are always related to idols as being one of the Japanese social mainstreams. For the consumers, most of the idols are popular due to their stage appearances and visual attractions rather than their musical or vocal skills. However, there is one additional technique that Japanese use to produce unique idols and tend to distinguish them from other common idols. They are manufacture idols, which are good examples of how Japanese make new innovations in their pop culture. Manufacture idols system is a combination of anime-like characters and the technology in Japan. Both of these factors are huge in Japan and are well combined in other field of works. With the great novelty and the visual attractions behind the idea, manufacture idols become very popular in Japan; and because anime and technology are two widespread cultures in Japan, their combination make the manufacture idols system carry a very uniquely Japanese style. Japan has huge technological industries as its recent technology fast developed. The Japanese are likely and even proud to use technological productions, and many of the creative ideas are based on their technology. We will write a custom essay on Vocaloid Technology and Japanese Anime Culture specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Similarly, Manufacture idols came from a technological software called â€Å"Vocaloid†. Vocaloid is originated from the singing synthesizer system which dates back to â€Å"a research by Kelly et al in 1962 when there have been various singing synthesizers proposed since then, whether they are commercial or noncommercial† (Kenmochi, 2012). However, Kenmochi (2012) also indicates that â€Å"those singing synthesizers have not been widely used in musical creation, although some musicians experimentally utilized them in their music. Later on, Japan became one of the countries that tended to develop this type of technology. â€Å"Since 2007, there has been a big boom of musical contents using singing synthesis software especially in Japan† while â€Å"amateur musicians use singing synthesis software to create their original compositions. (Kenmochi, 2012). Vocaloid was developed by Yamaha Corporation which is a Japanese multinational corporation, and it came out as a commercial singing synthesis software and are widely used in Japan. Yet, According to Kenmochi and Ohshita’s article (2007) Vocaloid is not released by Yamaha Corp. â€Å"Yamaha licenses the technology and software to third-party companies. Those companies develop and release their own singer library bundled with the Vocaloid software. Since 2004, five products have been released with Vocaloid version 1 so far: â€Å"Leon†, â€Å"Lola†, and â€Å"Miriam† from Zero-G Limited, UK, and â€Å"Meiko† and â€Å"Kaito† from Crypton Future Media, Japan† (Kenmochi Ohshita, 2007). These first released Vocaloid characters (known as Vocaloid 1) have different voices and appearance, and they are divided to different language categories as some of them were released by the British company and others were released by the Japanese company. The voices of these characters were not completely artificial. Instead, the producers collected the sample voices from certain singers or voice actors first, and then produced the singer library. Musicians with certain musical knowledge and technique could make musics by using Vocaloid, and they could choose to make musics for certain characters based on their preference on looks or voices. Vocaloid consists of three parts. Score Editor provides an environment in which the user can input notes, lyrics, and optionally some expressions; Singer Library, mentioned previously, is a database of samples (mostly diphones) extracted from real people’s singing; and Synthesis Engine receives score information, selects necessary samples from Singer Library and concatenates them. Kenmochi Ohshita, 2007) Later on, more and more characters came out in Japan released either by companies such as Crypton Future Media or on the Internet. These new characters are known as Vocaloid 2 and the second generation of Vocaloid software, and they embodied the same technology used in Vocaloid 1. Eventually, in 2007, Vocaloid technique and its characters became a huge boom in Japanese pop culture. Many music production teams in Japan started to make songs for these characters, and these producers are known as characters’ masters. Moreover, as the first Vocaloid 2 character Hatsune Miku came out followed by various Vocaloid characters, more and more amateur musicians (especially those who like electronic musics) joined to make Vocaloid musics; more anime fans started to support such products; and more other audiences appeared to be interested in such innovations. Different characters came out with different Vocaloid software and are released by different companies and medias. The productions began to play a big role in the music market in Japan. Like Goto says in his research â€Å"As music synthesizers generating various instrumental sounds are already widely used and have become indispensable to popular music production, it is historically inevitable that singing synthesizers will become more widely used and likewise indispensable to music production† (Goto). How technology naturally involved in Japanese music is indeed incredible. As we perceive in the naming of Hatsune Miku which could translated to â€Å"the first sound from the future†, we simply discover how Japanese producers and audiences strongly pursue the advanced technology. However, the fascination of the technology is not only manifested in the scientific technique that is used in Vocaloid, but is also displayed in the way people make the anime characters doing vivid musical movements and expressions like humans. As Hatsune Miku and other Vocaloid characters were developed to music and game market, besides the technological success in some human-like elements reflected in their singing such as breathiness, portamento, etc. hey are required to have dance movements, gestures and even facial expressions. Nevertheless, as she sometimes appears in 3D image, Hatsune Miku is very different from both real humans and most of two dimensional anime figures. Thus, she is like a robot on the computer that is more likely to be stiff, and it is very hard to make her and other characters move as smooth and lively as humans or two dimensional anime characters do. Yet, creators took efforts to make their characters mimic the musical gestures and expressions of humans. .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a , .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .postImageUrl , .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a , .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a:hover , .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a:visited , .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a:active { border:0!important; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a:active , .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Japanese Gardens in the United States EssayFrom my perspective, this process is very similar to another scientific process relates to movements of musical robots although it is easier to make 3D characters do human-like movements than a real robot. Similar to the Vocaloid characters, Japanese also concern about the vividness among the robotic movement of musical robots. â€Å"Humanoid robots are polyvalent, and thus are perfect platforms for synthesizing the work from specialized, disparate domains. The idea is to develop a general ‘emotional intelligence’–an ability to express emotion in music as well as speech, gesture, and other modalities. (Lim, Og ata, Okuno, 2012) For instance, musical robots should imitate some natural habit of human musicians when they are playing music. â€Å"Human musicians naturally use visual cues such as eye contact and instrument movement to coordinate with fellow ensemble players, similar to conductors who use their batons to indicate beats. In fact, a study on clarinetist’s movements found that â€Å"movements related to structural characteristics of the piece (e. g. tempo)† were consistently found among player subjects. Movements included â€Å"tapping of one’s foot or the moving of the bell up and down to keep rhythm. Although we do not claim that all musicians use movements when performing, we believe that identifying common, natural gestures is a starting point to using vision as a human-robot interface. † (Lim, Mizumoto, Cahier, Otsuka, Takahashi, Komatani, Okuno, 2010). Likewise, Vocaloid characters are required to do human-like gestures when they are singing and dancing in games and perform at concerts. In this case, Japanese producers did a good job on creating dancing movements and facia l expressions for these characters by using advanced animation technology. They led the Vocaloid character (especially Hatsune Miku) to be on the stage like real idols by using the advanced 3D technology, and unfolded the vivid impressions of characters before their audiences’ eyes. â€Å"Although Hatsune Miku is a virtual singer, she has already had live concerts with human musicians in Japan, USA, and Singapore† (Goto). Although these characters have not reached the state of doing movements and expressions exactly the same as real humans, they appeal to their consumers very positively for their almost lively human-like characteristics. Moreover, the advanced animation technique in Japan definitely helps Japanese producers approach the goal, as the anime culture being one of the most popular social phenomenons in Japan’s market. Vocaloid characters are popular not only because of their unique singing style that is distinguished from humans’ voices, but also because of their anime appearance. For example, Hatsune Miku, the most representative Vocaloid character in Japan, was actually just a simple print on the Vocaloid software package at the beginning. However, such simple illustration has enough visual attractions to Japanese due to Japan’s widespread anime culture. Before games and concerts of Vocaloid characters came out, people had very few information about these characters. The only information they gained was the characters’ personalities which is portrayed in some typical published songs written by these characters’ â€Å"masters†. Therefore, amateur anime artists made videos of characters dancing and singing, and sometimes they tended to post their work on some popular website in Japan. People draw and post different illustrations of Hatsune Miku. Then people started to create videos, such as promotion videos for musicians, with such original songs and drawings. Some people even create 3D models of Hatsune Miku and create 3D animation videos. † (Hamasaki, Takeda, Nishimura, 2008). Apparently, it was not the production companies who promoted the idea of making the characters visually alive; it was the audiences who involved into animation works and advanced computer technology at first. Such phenomenon reflects that how Japanese, especially the younger generation, are highly involved in modern technology and animation as two of their social mainstreams. After such a huge impact happened to the consumers of Vocaloid characters, many more corporations and companies were involved to various productions of making animation images of Vocaloid characters. Some game companies such as PENTA and Tones Studio made Hatsune Miku a game character or made her sing one of the background songs in the games. Other CD company such as Frontier Works recorded some old songs, but some of them were sung by Hatsune Miku. Additionally, as more and more people continue using Vocaloid characters to sing their favorite or original songs, some amateur singers even sing the characters’ original songs and post them online. The website that receives most of these posts is called Nico Nico Douga, which is the most popular video sharing website in Japan. The websites’ basic service mostly resembles that of YouTube, besides most of the posts are animation work as â€Å"Douga† means animation in Japanese. What is more interesting than YouTube, is that â€Å"a user can add comments about a specific playback time at a specific position in the video which gives people a sense of sharing the viewing experience virtually. Furthermore, the creator can instantly know which specific moment or specific scene is appreciated by a viewer† (Hamasaki, Takeda, Nishimura, 2008). Videos relates to Vocaloid stuff are usually categorized as â€Å"hot topic† on this website. Such popularity on an animation website implies that Vocaloid system manifests the interaction between audiences and Japanese anime culture. Moreover, Characters like Hatsune Miku are always engaged with Japanese anime culture even they do not have any story or background. Anime fans can easily create stories, images and even personality for them according to the contexts among their well-known songs. â€Å"voice-generating software called Vocaloid, which makes anime-like songs in the voice of an imaginary character called Hatsune Miku (lit. â€Å"first sound of the future†), inspired fans to develop images, stories and videos around the synthetic voice. .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f , .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .postImageUrl , .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f , .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f:hover , .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f:visited , .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f:active { border:0!important; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f:active , .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Today, Telecommunications Technology Affects Lives To A Greater Degree EssayThere is even a blog that tracks the best fan-made music videos featuring this character† (Condry, 2009). Such enthusiasm among anime fans reflects the connection between Hatsune Miku and Japanese anime culture. In Japan, it is very common to consider a virtual idol like Hatsune Miku as popular even though she does not have any musical or vocal skill. Japanese audiences always have obsessions with visual attractions. Not every idol have to be good at singing or instruments, but popular idols are always good-looking, cute or sexually attractive. Hatsune Miku, with cute anime looking, is attractive to a lot of Japanese heterosexual male fans. However, as she being an anime character, she is still different from other living idols. For one thing, Hatsune Miku is never separated from the engagement with the consumers. To be more specific, living idols engage with their audiences when they perform on the stage or acting certain roles, but they separate from their public images when they come back to their private life. â€Å"stars have an existence in the world independent of their screen/ â€Å"fiction† appearances, it is possible to believe. hat as people they are more real than characters in the stories. † (Dyer, 1998) On the contrary, as a virtual character as most of anime characters are, Hatsune Miku has devoted everything to her fans. She does everything that satisfies her consumers and keeps her pure and ideal image. Such characteristic is very common in Japanese anime culture and is quite fascinating for a nime fans and especially for otaku. â€Å"Otaku, which translates to the English term nerd, was a slang term used by amateur manga artists and fans themselves in the 1980s to describe weirdos (henjin). The original meaning of otaku is your home and, by association, you, yours, and home (Kinsella, 1998). When normal anime fans like to talk to each other about their common interests, anime otaku people prefer just engaging with two dimensional or virtual anime characters. Although otaku culture is strange from an American perspective, it is still somehow considered as a symbol of contemporary Japanese society, as it reflects a popular phenomenon in Japanese younger generation. Otaku came to represent a younger generation so intensely individu-alistic they had become dysfunctional, a generation of ‘isolated people who no longer have any sense of isolation. ’ The dysfunctionality of otaku proved the unhealthy nature of individualistic lifestyles† (Kinsella, 1998). In this case, Vocaloid characters are tied to otaku culture because of their two dimensional or virtual images. â€Å"the virtual idols very clearly ties together the otaku obsession with computer technolo gy, animation technology, robotic or otherwise artificial bodies and the kind of femininity presented by the living idol† (Black, 2012). Male anime otaku are usually obsessed with bishojo(pretty girls in Japanese) in animation works like Hatsune Miku, because â€Å"the virtual idol can satisfy fan desires in the way that living idols can not† (Black, 2012) Thus, Vocaloid certainly has an attractions towards anime fans and otaku, which can be another engagement between Vocaloid and anime culture. On the other hand, for anime fans or even other audiences, the gender interpretation appears to be more ideal on virtual characters. Choo mentioned that anime girls are more ideal with big eyes and smooth skin, and sometimes they involve in sexualized images in the contexts. In addition, anime boys are more attractive for female consumers because of their slim bodies and pretty faces (Choo, 2008). Therefore, with the same gender oriented attraction, Vocaloid characters gain more attentions from their heterosexual fans, and have more advantages because of their anime imagery. In conclusion, Vocaloid is an extremely representative symbol of Japanese pop culture. Among many music forms in Japan, Vocaloid music reflects how Japanese is good at making innovations, as they blend advanced cyber technology and Japanese anime culture. However, the novelty inside this music form is explicit not only due to the genius combination, but also due to the reactions from the Japanese consumers. As we watch Hatsune Miku’s 3D image dancing on the stage with hundred thousands of living fans, we can simply realize how Japanese audiences support their technology and anime culture. Bibliography: Black, D. (2012). The Virtual Idol: Producing and Consuming Digital Femininity.Idols and Celebrity in Japanese Media Culture, 209. Choo, K. (2008). Girls Return Home: Portrayal of Femininity in Popular Japanese Girls’ Manga and Anime Texts during the 1990s in Hana yori Dango and Fruits Basket.  Women: a cultural review,  19(3), 275-296. Condry, I. (2009). Anime Creativity Characters and Premises in the Quest for Cool Japan.  Theory, Culture Society,  26(2-3), 139-163. Dyer, R., McDonald, P. (1998).  Stars. BFI Pub.. Page 8. Goto, M. Grand Challenges in Music Information Research}}.  Multimodal Music Processing},  3, 217-226. IEEE. Hamasaki, M., Takeda, H., Nishimura, T. (2008, October). Network analysis of massively collaborative creation of multimedia contents: case study of hatsune miku videos on nico nico douga. In  Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Designing interactive user experiences for TV and video  (pp. 165-168). ACM. Kenmochi, H. (2012, March). Singing synthesis as a new musical instrument. In  Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2012 IEEE International Conference on  (pp. 5385-5388). IEEE. Kenmochi, H., Ohshita, H. (2007). Vocaloid–commercial singing synthesizer based on sample concatenation.  Proc. Interspeech 2007, 4011-4010. Kinsella, S. (1998). Japanese subculture in the 1990s: Otaku and the amateur manga movement.  Journal of Japanese Studies, 289-316. Lim, A., Mizumoto, T., Cahier, L. K., Otsuka, T., Takahashi, T., Komatani, K., Okuno, H. G. (2010, October). Robot musical accompaniment: integrating audio and visual cues for real-time synchronization with a human flutist. InIntelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on  (pp. 1964-1969). Lim, A., Ogata, T., Okuno, H. G. (2012). Towards expressive musical robots: a cross-modal framework for emotional gesture, voice and music.  EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing,  2012(1), 3.

The Hospitality and Tourism Market in Victoria State Australia

The Hospitality and Tourism Market in Victoria State Australia Introduction The tourism and hospitality is one of the fastest growing industries in Australia. The industry takes a larger portion of the economy and plays a vital role in the Australian economy. The tourism industry not only operates nationally but also fully participates in the global market economy. The industry is currently recording massive improvements especially due to the recovery in the world economy from the disastrous economic meltdown that was previously.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Hospitality and Tourism Market in Victoria State Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Victoria tourism and hospitality industry stands out to be the second largest in the whole of Australia with flourishing businesses ranging from restaurants, cafes, hotel services, bars, pubs, clubs as well as well furnished apartments. The industry is famous for its high quality and customer friendly facilities that provi de customers with the desired comfort (Kayler, 1995, p. 178). Factors influencing the growth of the industry The global economic recovery has led to the tremendous growth of the tourism and hospitality industry in Victoria. Victoria is also renowned for its quality restaurants and hospitality facilities that highly attract more tourists and visitors. In addition to this, the industry incorporates a number of organizations and institutions that provide important information to their potential visitors and thereby making known worldwide the quality services provided in Victoria. Such organizations include the Baking Industry Association of Victoria and Artisan Bakers Association among others (Bergin and Jago 1999, p. 342). Also the foreign investment regulations within the state are moderate and highly promote investment from the foreigners and therefore this has attracted many investments from both the foreign and local investors. In addition to the above factors, tourism in Victoria has also been influenced primarily the reduction in the oil prices, which led to the subsequent reduction in airline surcharges and therefore leading to decrease in the airfares charges, especially regarding longer routes. This as a result has led to the increase in the number of tourists visiting the state. Generally, Australia has improved its aviation facilities in the recent past, especially routes linking to the international countries like the United States and the United Kingdom. The increased capacity has translated into more visitors and tourists visiting the country.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More SWOT Analysis of the Victoria state As outlined before, the tourism and hospitality industry in Victoria is the second largest in Australia and the most famous because of the quality services offered by their ultra-modern facilities. The industry has a workfo rce of more than 115000 workers who accounts for a good percentage of 4.4% of the total labor force within Victoria State. In Victoria State, hospitality and tourism incorporates a number of businesses whose services are tailored toward meeting the consumer’s ever increasing demands (Bergin and Jago 1999, p. 342). They include accommodation facilities, restaurants, cafà ©, bars and pubs, catering services, facilities for hosting meetings and events both for business purposes, managing, and coordinating tour operations, providing relevant information to tourists, conducting tour guiding, managing holiday parks, conducting and organizing cultural tourism, casinos, and caravan park operations. The state of Victoria is within the southern region of Australia that is widely known both locally and internationally as a key tourism destination. Therefore, the strategic location of the state is an added advantage to them (Kayler, 1995, p. 178). The state has the aging population as t heir working population and due to inadequate skilled personnel within the young population, it means that most of the old staff is retained and this might lead to inefficiency and low output. There is need for skilled and experienced personnel within the young population to replace the old aging population Target market The target market for all the products and services mentioned above is mainly from both the international and the local tourists. For instance, a fall in the growth of tourism will translate into a reduction in the growth of the hospitality industry. This is due to the fact tourists, both local and international, play a major role in the utilization and consumption of the products and services offered in the hospitality industry. Therefore, the hospitality industry is highly dependent on tourism. On the other hand, tourism also relies on the hospitality industry to some degree. For instance, high quality and attractive services offered in the hospitality industry ca n be used as an attraction to tourists who will visit these facilities in order to enjoy the wonderful services offered by them (Bergin and Jago 1999, p. 342).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Hospitality and Tourism Market in Victoria State Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Victoria State covers only three percent of the Australia’s landmass and has a population of approximately 5.13 million people. In addition, almost half of the entire population is below 35 years and therefore forming a good market for the tourism and hospitality industry. The presence of a young population is a good sign that the industry shall continue flourishing due to the available of the domestic market. Victoria also receives a larger number of international tourists who account for 25% of the all tourists visiting Australia. For instance, the state received 1.5 million tourists last year. Therefore, apart from the dom estic tourists from within Australia, Victoria also receives a relatively large number of tourists. Most of their international tourists come from North America, the United Kingdom, China, Japan, Singapore, and New Zealand. Pricing strategies Victoria has gone a step farther by embracing the online booking provisions in their tourism industry. The proposed system that is already in use is a national booking platform for both the international and the local tourists. The system is known as the Tourism Exchange Australia (TXA) that contains a large database of all the products and services provided by the Australian tourism and hospitality industry. All the businesses listed by the Australian Tourism and Data Warehouse (ATDW) will have their products and services accessible online and booking made possible because the data warehouse contains all the vital information including the prices for the services and products. All the locally developed booking systems are also linked to this e xchange system that enables online selling of the services and products and therefore increasing the sales for the industry. The system also supports online establishment of agreements between the tourism industry and the prospective buyer and therefore making it more effective. Operators of the respective businesses can access the database and update their prices for the various services and products (Kayler, 1995, p. 178). Promotional practices Domestically, the government and other institutions related to the industry have come up with strategies that are aimed at publicizing the industry to the Australian population. Some of the ways embraced by the state to advertise its tourism industry include play Melbourne campaign that advertises Melbourne as a city with hidden treasures. This has been achieved through a number of ways including using local media and press and media. This is extended to the online websites and is meant to encourage local tourists from all over Australia to dare visit Melbourne and discover the treasures that lies within the city.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is part of the larger Victoria jigsaw campaign meant to promote Victoria’s tourism and hospitality industry locally, within the Australian population and also reach to the international community. Also there are committees put in place to facilitate and coordinate regional campaigns. The publicity campaigns are aimed at branding all the cities and towns within Victoria as unique places worth visiting (Stabb, 1999, p. 123). On the international scale, various campaigns and strategies have been formulated to see to it that the State’s tourism and hospitality industry is well known to the international community. There is an international marketing division, Tourism Victoria, which works closely with the other stakeholders within the industry in marketing Victoria to the international countries. The division formulates winning strategies to market the industry in international countries. It has offices in other countries that fall within their target markets. This is to help in easier coordination of advertising activities in those countries and keep in touch with the potential customers (Kayler, 1995, p. 178). Tourism Victoria works handy with Tourism Australia, Australian Airlines, major industry stakeholders in liaison with the Victorian tourism industry in a bid to sell the industry to the prospective tourists and visitors. The international marketing strategies are carried out in two ways including the trade and consumer strategies. Both strategies are meant to assisting in attaining an increase in familiarity by the potential consumers on the tourism and hospitality facilities within Victoria. They are also targeted at branding Victoria as the leading tourist destination as far arts and cultures, events, recreation, catering, and wine services are concerned (Rose, 1991, p. 412). In consumer marketing, Tourism Victoria has a stronger influence on all activities conducted by Tourism Australia in the foreign markets. In some instances, the d ivision runs autonomous brand campaigns to advertise Victoria to the international community. There is a website tailored to provide relevant information to those aspiring to visit Victoria as well as advertising it as the main destination point for all tourism activities. There are both written content and video on the website to provide the required information. The information available is in different languages so as to reach as many people as possible. In trade marketing, Tourism Victoria works in partnership with Australian based inbound tour operators by organizing and coordinating workshops and trainings to familiarize them with available tourism opportunities within Victoria. The division also organizes trade fairs and exhibitions to their prospective consumers both nationally and internationally. Tourism Australia also in partnership with local and international airlines carries out cooperative promotions for publicizing Victoria’s tourism potential to the internati onal countries. This is done with most of the airlines and distribution networks and therefore widening their market by creating awareness among the potential consumers globally (Kotler, Bowen and Makens 2010, p. 441). An official website managed by the state provides a variety of information to the potential visitors concerning the tourism facilities in Victoria State. There is a provision on the same website under tourism for the local tour operators and stakeholders in the hospitality industry to showcase their businesses on the website and display the range of products and services they offer. This form of online marketing is meant to cover as many businesses as possible and advertise them to the both local and international communities. Conclusion and recommendations From the information in the sections above, it is true that the tourism industry in Victoria has well established framework to support their activities at the same time ensure sustainability in the industry. The st ate has played a significant role in ensuring that Victoria continues not to be only Australia’s tourism destination point but also the world’s most attractive tourist site. However, there are still shortcomings that need to be correction to ensure long term improvement and growth in the sector (Kayler, 1995, p. 178). Even though the industry seems to be on an upward trend, more is required for the industry to start operating at its optimum and therefore maximize on the available opportunities in the industry. Both the government and the various stakeholders in the industry have a role to play in ensuring success of the industry. Therefore, the following are some of the recommendations that need consideration in order o reap maximally from the tourism and hospitality industry and make Victoria a tourism haven in the whole of Australia and the world at large. The accreditation system put in place to certify operators in the industry needs improvement. The current system of accreditation has not had any impact on the service delivery to the final consumers. Some of the operators, even after receiving accreditation, are still rendering poor services to their customers. A good number of businesses have untrained personnel who do not meet the requirements for the industry. Therefore, the government should consider such factors as employee skills and knowledge as well as availability of quality facilities before accrediting the operators. Also continued vetting should be thorough to ensure that accredited operators maintain the required standards of service provision to their customers (Bergin and Jago 1999, p. 342). The government in partnership with the respective shareholders should build a competitive digital capability that will ensure Victoria competes favorably with the other international competitors. This can be achieved by incorporating more competent personnel in managing online marketing and coming up with ways of expanding the service so a s to cover the entire global market. The government should encourage investment into the tourism industry by offering more incentives and subsidies that will attract both the local and foreign investors into the industry. This will facilitate the expansion of the industry and therefore fasten its growth. The government can also partner with the other stakeholders in developing the infrastructure, especially the transport and communication network within the state so as to open Victoria to the rest of the world. The various tourism sites should have a good transport system (Bergin and Jago 1999, p. 342). The government should encourage domestic tourism and give more attention to the training of personnel to work in the industry. Regular workshops and trainings help sharpen the skills of those working in the industry and inform them of the current trends and emerging issues in the global market. The state should work handy with the other states to eliminate cut-throat competition, esp ecially on the international market. It will also give them a common bargaining front and therefore lead to reduction in trade barriers imposed on them by the international countries (Baum and Hagen 1999, p. 299). Reference List Baum, T. and Hagen, L., 1999. Responses to Seasonality: the Experiences of Peripheral Destinations. International Journal of Tourism Research, 1(5), pp. 299-312. Bergin, S. and Jago, L.J., 1999. Accreditation of Adventure Tour Operators: The Consumer Perspective 1999 CAUTHE National Research Conference. Adelaide Bureau of Tourism Research. Kayler, T.W., 1995. Tourism Accreditation and Quality Assurance: Strategic Directions for Victoria. Tourism Victoria. Kotler, P., Bowen, T.J. and Makens, C.J., 2010. Marketing for hospitality and tourism. 5th ed. Sydney: culinary and hospitality industry publication services. Rose, R., 1991. What is Lesson-drawing? Glasgow: Centre for the Study of Public Policy. Stabb, C., 1999. Review of Membership for Involvement in Coop erative Promotions Funded by Tourism Victoria. Tourism Victoria.

Law of Business Transactions assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law of Business Transactions assignment - Essay Example nited Floors Ltd had included an exclusion clause in its contract, which required intimation of any alleged defects within three weeks of fitting the carpets. As such, it had included a clause, whereby its liability per contract was to be restricted to five hundred pounds. Peter is seeking refund of the two, thousand, three hundred pounds paid by him and compensation for the business lost, during the time the carpet was being replaced. United Floors Ltd refuses to accept and relies on its exclusion clause. An exclusion clause can be enforced by resorting to adhesion contracts or standard form contracts. The party which draws up such contracts offers negligible choice to the other party to the contract. In the words of Downes, an authority on contract law, wherever, there is great disparity in the bargaining power of the parties to the contract, exclusion clauses can prove to be extremely prejudicial.1 Legislation like the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 or UCTA and the Unfair Terms of the Consumer Contract Regulations 1999 or UTCCR have been enacted, in order to exercise stringent control on the use of exclusion clauses. The UCTA makes a business liable for not fulfilling obligations or duties that are consequent to what has been done or is to be done in the normal course of business2. Peter’s contract with the United Floors Ltd is subject to the UCTA, because consumer contracts fall under its purview3. In contractual terms reasonableness is of paramount importance and the UCTA verifies as to whether an exclusion clause, after taking into consideration the circumstances that should have normally been known to the contracting parties, is rational4. In this manner the UCTA grants wide discretion to the courts, in determining whether an exclusion clause is reasonable or not. If a contracting party wishes to take recourse to an exclusion clause in the contract, then the onus of establishing its reasonableness rests on it5. The UTCCR deals with all the contractual

Deaf History During Medieval Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Deaf History During Medieval Europe - Essay Example There were only few deaf people of that period, they were famous, successfully, well educated for those times, some of them inherited titles of their ancestors despite their "disease", and some of them had strong positions in society, they took part in political life of their countries. It was only the one side of this problem. The following problem of medieval deaf people were in association of them with evil, witchcraft, and even the Devil. Children born with deafdisabilities were often perceived as the consequence of their mothers' support for satanic beliefs, illustrating both the ableist and patriarchal values of the era. However, it is also the case that under feudalism, deafdisabled people were generally able to make a contribution, in varying degrees, to a largely rural production process. If disabled people were hospitalized, it was in relatively small medieval hospitals where the focus was on palliative care rather than a cure. Such attitudes to deafdisabled people can be explained by the role... The church and feudal orders were meant to reflect heaven on earth - obedience to God via one's superiors: children obeyed their parents, their parents were their lord's vassals and had to obey him, the lord was the king's vassal, laymen obeyed the clergy, monks obeyed their abbot, clergy and laymen obeyed bishops who themselves were feudal lords, bishops and kings obeyed the Pope-at least in theory. Originality and creativity had to await a commission from the church or a lord, otherwise it was anathema. The church had created itself as a reborn "Imperium Romanum" with the Pope as its emperor and Latin as its language. And Church concidered that disabled people, and deaf ones too, were marked by Evil, by Demon. So, that was the thinking that people had: if you were different you were somehow marked. It is also important to say about the extention of the idea that Christ healed the disabled, so if you were disabled Christ did not favor you.The church alsoused this fear of disabilitie s as a threat to join the church or sickness and disabilities would affect you. Thus they hadtoconvince the people thatthose who were disabled or diseased must not be good Christians. The Church had such influence because medicine and science were in their infancy. Since the Church forbid dissection on humans, scienceandmedicine never really grew. People followed mostly a cause and effect approach. But to the end of Medieval period the attitudes to such people became to change, because among them there were very intelligent and talented people. What was the Hearing peoples view of Deaf during this period The industrial system of those times included weaving and artusaning. This required workers to complete tasks in accordance with

I will upload the topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

I will upload the topic - Essay Example The first Patrick Farrell image does not distort the loss of lives in the wake of the earthquakes, instead, it ethically represent a human tragedy. There is a human tragedy in Haiti and the images work well in describing depth of the tragedy to the readers. The photographs gave the depth of the strategy and mobilized support for rebuilding Haiti. Perhaps there could be no other way of making the image more touchy and real. The images are both equally timely because they tend to depict the events following an earthquake in Haiti and the rescue operations taking place. Because Farrell did not face any threat while taking the photos, he did them in a timely manner. All the photographers went all out to publish graphic images and justified their actions by loading what they could bear at the catastrophic scene. It was necessary for Farrell to tell the world, in black and white, how horrible the situation in Haiti. Although some Haitians disagreed with the act of airing insensitive and dehumanizing images, the images successfully passed the message to the world that the earthquake was intense and has consumed lives of many. The disaster was immense and it required intervention from the international community who could only be successfully drawn by understanding the depth of the disaster. The photojournalists aim was to mobilize massive humanitarian action and was deemed an essential aspect of covering the disaster. The images worked well in ensuring that the photojournalists deliver what readers need to see by creating complete and accurate visual report. Farrell made his images real and passed an information that the damage was continuous and that the situation was cruel. It is worth noting that the more the Haiti’s horrific loss was shown in the media the rate of international aid increased. Since the disaster did not involve war casualties, it was necessary to emphasize on the graveness of the natural disaster. The culture that censors visuals

The modern computer system specification

The modern computer system specification Im one of the Managers of the Royal Star Company, also a programmer. When I visited to the Carmel Library, I found how to benefits the computers. So, I wanna report some information. First, we shouldnt need to use the systems of the old computers because of the following reasons. We cant install nowadays software because the systems of old computers will distinguish nowadays computers. If the old computer doesnt have network card, we cant transfer the files or folders to the other computers. Nowadays software need graphic to install, I think that the old computers doesnt have required graphic. As they are old computers, there are many problems to install nowadays softwares such as the memory required, hard-disk required and so on. Especially previous windows such as Windows NT, Windows 98, Windows ME and others. Above the reasons, we should use the modernized computers. I think that the minimum required of the hard-disk is 80GB. To install the windows, the minimum required of the memory is 128MB. And then windows OS (operating system) is important too. The minimum microprocessor rate is 1.0GHz (Giga Hertz).Ill report some modernize specifications to you. They are: Windows XP or later Open Office 3.1 GIMP or Irfan view A free Antivirus like AVG Antivirus or Avast Mozilla Firefox 3.5, Google Chrome 2.0 and Internet Explorer 8.0 Mozilla Thunderbird 2.0 Wireless Broadband gateway for internet connectivity Installation of Printers, optical Media and Scanner. First, we should install windows XP or windows Vista and latest version (Ultimate version) windows 7. These windows have enough memory, graphic and hard-disk. As the modernized version, they can install the latest software. So, we should need to use these versions. The microprocessors of these versions are very good. They can do everything fast. And we should install a free Antivirus like AVG Antivirus to protect our data from the virus attacking. As a good library, we always connect with the foreign customers. So, internet is necessary need. Wanna the internet connectivity good, we should use wireless connection such as Wi-Fi or Wi-Max. I wanna suggest about the internet. I dont wanna use the Dial up connection because this connection needs to renew again. We should install the Mozilla Firefox 3.5, Google Chrome 2.0 and Internet Explorer 8.0.And then; we need to install the printers, optical media and scanner. When we use the printers, we shouldnt use dot-matrix to have good quality. We shouldnt to use the floppy disk because the floppy disk will store small amount of data. So, we need to use memory stick or external hard -disk. Task (2) New systems and peripherals available are: System Board MB725 Intel ® DP55WG Media Series Desktop Boards price = $ 195.00 MB740 Intel ® DG43NB Classic Series Desktop Boards price = $ 151.00 Processor and Memory Architecture As example: -Processor Intel Core i7-870 (2.93 GHz, 8MB)s price = $794.00 Intel Core 2 Duo E8600 (3.33 GHz, 6MB)s price = $ 408.00 Intel Core 2 Quad Q9550 (2.83 GHz, 12MB)price= $ 393.00 -Memory 2GB DDR3-1333 Memorys price = $ 87.00 512mb DDR2-800 Memorys price = $ 22.00 Disk Drive systems 2.5 Serial ATA (SATA) Hard Disk Drive 320GB 7200RPMs price = $ 120.00 E-Disk Altima E2A3 Serial ATA (SATA) solid state flash drives price = $143.00 Peripherals (USB, Fire wire, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi access) -USB (Universal Serial Bus), they are very popular in these years. Every computer includes USB PORT. -Fire Wire is a capable of using the high-speed isochronous transfer mode to support data-transfer rates up to 400Mbps. -Bluetooth example are: Worlds Slimmest Lightest Bluetooth USB Dongle for Wireless connectivity 100 Meters, with 2 years warranty 2.4 GHz of wireless communication Usage. Price is $489.00 (2 years warranty) Bluetooth 100 Meters range Transfer data like Software, Images, Ringtones; Games to you Bluetooth enabled Mobile Phone/PDA. Transfer Voice data Connect to your Phone/PDAs Modem. Price is $499.00 GNET Presents to you USB Hub Bluetooth Dongle Mega Combo Deal. Now taste this deal before it is gone Kit Contents 1 Bluetooth Dongle worth Rs.600 One Four Port Hub worth Prince $499.00 Printers Canon Pixma MP 560 printers price = $89 to $157 HP LaserJet 1320 printers price = $89 to $499 HP Photosmart Premium Touch Smart Web printers price = $279 to $464 Network Hardware and cabling/ Wireless LAN Network Hardware and cabling -Network hardware and cabling is not too hard. -First, we need to clip the cables. -Then, plug them into a system or a computer. Wireless LAN -Wireless LAN is useful in nowadays. -Mostly, it is used in Internet cafes and Game Shops. -LAN (Local Area Network) is a form of networks. -Installing the LAN is like a network. -I will show you the installation of network in Task (4) Task (3) Problems from using old computers.. -At first, the systems will distinguish nowadays computers. So, we cant use nowadays software. -Second, if the old computer doesnt network card, we cant transfer the file or folder to other computers by using network. -Third, the memory and graphic will need to more install. As they are old modernized computers, there are many problems to install nowadays software such as the memory required, hard-disk required and so on. So, we should need to use Modernized Computers because of the above reasons. Software List -windows XP/Vista/7 -Open office 3.1 -GIMP or Irfan view -A free Antivirus like AVG antivirus or Avast -Mozilla Firefox 3.5, Google Chrome 2.0 and Internet Explorer 8.0 -Mozilla Thunderbird 2.0 -Wireless Broadband gateway for internet connectivity -Installation of Printers, Optical Media and Scanner. Hardware List Some hardware lists are as follows: -Intel(R) Core 2 Duo CPU T5750 2.0GHz Pentium 4 -DDR2 4GB -HP Jornada 420/430 Hitachi SH3 (SH3) Palm-size PC 1.2 (SH3) -Microsoft Windows PC (International Unicode) Pentium or compatible (x86) Windows XP -Microsoft Windows PC Intel Pentium or compatible (x86) Windows Vista or Windows XP -Toshiba Genio e550 Intel StrongARM SA-1110 (ARM) Pocket PC (ARM) -HP Jornada 820 Intel Strong ARM SA-1110 190MHz (ARM) HPC Pro (ARM) -Compaq Aero 2150/2180 NEC VR4121 (MIPS) Palm-size PC 1.2 (MIPS) -Apple Macintosh (x86 based) x86 (x86) Apple Macintosh (with Crossover) -Asus AH100 Intel StrongArm SA1100 (ARM) HPC 2000 -Hitachi ePlate HPW-600ET Hitachi SH4 (SH3) HPC Pro (SH3) Project Plans are as follows: -Removing the old system -Install Motherboard -Install CPU -Install RAM -Install Network Card Removing the old system -At first, remove the external I/O Systems. -And then, remove the System Units Cover and remove the Adapter Cards. -Second, removing the cables from the System Board and System Board. -Finally, remove the Power Supply. -Removing the Power Supply Disconnect the exterior power connections from the system unit a system Disconnect the interior power connections Remove the power-supply unit from the system Install Motherboard Motherboard is the physical arrangement in a computer that contains the computers basic circuitry and components. On the typical motherboard, the circuitry is imprinted or affixed to the surface of a firm planar surface and usually manufactured in a single step. In both the AT and ATX designs, the computer components included in the motherboard are: * The microprocessor * (Optionally) coprocessors * Memory * Basic input/output system (BIOS) * Expansion slot * Interconnecting circuitry -Motherboard is the basic component of the PC system. -Motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer. A motherboard, known as the central or primary circuit board makes up a complex electronic system such as a computer. -The motherboard contains the connectors for attaching additional boards. -The physical arrangement in a computer that contains the computers basic circuitry and components. Install the System Board (Motherboard) Verify the whole pattern alignment for the new system board and insert it into the system unit chassis. Install the grounding screws that hold the system board to the brass standoffs in the chassis floor. Reconnect all the cables to the system board (such as Power Connections Front-Panel Connections and Disk-Drive Connections.) Install the option adapter cards in the appropriate expansion-slot connectors (remove slot covers from the back panel of the chassis to accommodate any new cards.) Replace the system units outer cover or side panels. Reconnect all external I/O systems. Start up the system and reconfigure any CMOS Settings required to return the system to its original performance settings. And Then Installing Microprocessors Installing the Memory Modules Installing Support ICs Central Processing Unit (CPU) -The Main Component of a personal computer. -It contains the major structures that make up a computer system. -It performs mathematical and logical computations at incredible speeds. -It is also the brain of the computer. -And install the CPU. Memory -There are (2) types of memories. They are: RAM Random Access Memory ROM Read-only Memory RAM Random Access Memory -It is quick enough to operate directly with the microprocessor. -It can be read from and written to as often as desired. -It is a volatile type of memory. -Its Contents disappear when power is removed from the memory. ROM Read-only Memory -It contains the computers permanent startup programs. -It is non-volatile type of memory. -Its contents remain with or without power being applied. Cache Memory -It is one type of memories. -It performs to use the Data quickly. -An area of special high-speed RAM reserved for improving system performance by holding information that the microprocessor is likely to use. Then, -Install the Power Supply and Install the Video/Monitor Systems. -Install Storage Devices such as Hard-Disk Drive Installation, CD-ROM/DVD Devices Installation and so on -Install Adapter Card-Basic Peripherals (E.g. Installation of the Sound Cards.) -Install Wireless LAN components As a result, -We should need to use modernized computers for the nowadays software. -We should know what is a Motherboard? We should know the Software lists and Hardware Lists. -We should know how to remove or install system Boards steps by steps. Task (4) Installing the windows -Install the windows steps by steps with Installer CD. -As an example, Ill show the installation of the windows XP. Installation of the windows applications Install the Open Office 3.1 -Install the Open Office 3.1 steps by steps. -Ill show with my download pictures. Install A Free Antivirus (AVG) Installation of a Free Antivirus (AVG) is as follow: Installing The Mozilla Firefox 3.5 Mozilla Firefox 3.5 need to install following steps Installing Internet Explorer 8.0 Installing Internet Explorer 8.0 with the following steps. Installing the Mozilla Thunderbird 2.0 Ill show Mozilla Thunderbird 2.0 with my print screen photos. Network Installation -Network installation starts with clipping the network cables. -Then, the clipped cables plugged to the main computer. -For internet, we need to connect with internet modem or wireless router. -For work, we need to distribute with work stations (network sharing computers). -And then, we should install the scanner and network printer. Installation of the network printers A network printer installation allows multiple users and computer to share a single printer, and then having numerous personal printers throughout the home or office. When we install a network printer, make sure it is located in a centralized place so that all users can access it conveniently. Then install the software on each machine. -We may find that newer versions of Windows may already have the necessary drivers installed. Installation of a printer is following steps. Task (5) Common Printer Problems A printer is a peripheral which produces a hard copy (permanent readable text and/or graphics) of documents stored in electronic form. -A printer should have some paper to copy for ready. -Printer needs a officer or a worker to do its processings. -As an electronic device, a printer can use when the electric is powered up. 5 Essentials utilities Using the Device Manager -The Device Manager utility is basically an easy-to-use interface for the Windows 9x/Me and Windows 2000/XP. -We can use the Device Manager utility to manually isolate hardware and configuration conflicts. -In this utility, the presence of plus (+) and minus (-) signs in the nodes of the devices indicates expandable and collapsible information branches at those nodes. -An exclamation point (!) inside a yellow circle whenever a device is experiencing a direct hardware conflict with another device in this utility. -Similarly, a red X appears beside a devices icon when the device has been disabled due to a user-selection conflict. System Editors -The Windows operating systems contain three important editors:System Editor (SysEdit), the Registry Editor (RegEdit and RegEtd32), and the Policy Editor (PolEdit).Windows 2000 also includes a very powerful Group Policy Editor (GPE). -Later versions of MS-DOS contained a small text editor program (EDIT.COM) that enabled users to easily modify text files. -We can start this utility by typing the EDIT command along with the filename at the command prompt. -The editor is particularly useful in modifying the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files. -The MS-DOS Editor is an unformatted text file editor. -To start the SysEdit function, select the Run option form the Start menu. Windows Task Manager -This utility can be used to determine which applications in the system are running or stopped, as well as which resources are being used. -We can also determine what the general microprocessor and memory usage level are. -We can access the Windows 2000/XP Task Manager by pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del or Ctrl+Shift+Esc or we can aso access the Task manager from the pop-up context menu. Ctrl+Shift+Esc key sequence moves directly into Task Manager ,whereas the Ctrl+Alt+Del selection opens the Windows Security menu screen, which offer Task Manager as an option. -To use this utility, select the application from the Applications tab and click the End Task button. If prompted, click the End Task button again to confirm the selection. -The processes tab provides information that can be helpful in tracking down problems associated with slow system operation. -The performance tab provides a graphical summary of the systems CPU and memory usage. Disk Cleanup -Another disk-management tool available in Windows operating systems is the Disk Cleanup utility. -This utility can be used to remove certain types of normally disposable files and optional components from the system to clear additional disk space. -We can access the Disk Cleanup utility through the System Tools entry by selecting Start, Programs, and Accessories. -When it is activated, the Disk Cleanup utility calculates the amount of space that can be regained by emptying the Recycle Bin. -It also examines the space saved by removing downloaded files, temporary files and temporary Internet files. Backup -Backup utilities enable the user to quickly create extended copies of files, groups of files, or an entire disk drive. -The backup and Restore functions can be used to back up and retrieve one or more files to another disk because a backup of related files is typically much larger than a single floppy disk , backup programs normally allow information to be backed up to a series of disks; they also provide file-compression techniques to reduce the size of the files stored on the disks. -It is impossible to read or use the compressed backup files in this format. To be usable, the files must be decompressed (expanded) and restored to the DOS file format. -The Microsoft Backup and Restore disk-management utility is found in both Windows 9x/Me and Windows 2000/XP. -It is not automatically installed when Windows is set up. If the user decides to install this feature, the actual Backup file (Backup.exe) is placed in the C:Program_FilesAccessories directory. -Windows also creates a shortcut icon for the Backup utility in the C:WindowsStart MenuProgramsAccessoriesSystem Tools directory. Task (6) The Operating System Here is the fundamental of Operating System: -The Operating System also called OS is for creating the link between the material resources, the user and the applications (word processor, video, game, etc) -It does not need to send specific information to the peripheral device but it simply sends the information to the operating system. The Operating System also conveys it to the relevant peripheral via its driver. To Benefits the Operating System -To benefits the operating system, we should correctly the roles of the operating system. -Roles of the Operating System Management of the Processor Management of the RAM Management of Input/output Management of execution and application Management of authorizations Files management Information management Pros and cons of Wireless Internet connectivity Not all Windows XP computers with Wi-Fi wireless support are capable of automatic wireless configuration. To verify your Windows XP computer supports this feature, you must access its Wireless Network Connection properties. -It is more comfortable to use than other Internet Access like ADSL, MPT etc -The Lap-tops are easily to connect the Internet with wireless access. -Wireless is very necessary for each company or office. Common boot sequence Error codes, their interpretation and correction The system BIOS is what starts the computer running when you turn it on. -This will vary by the manufacturer of your hardware, BIOS, etc., and especially by what peripherals you have in the PC. The BIOS performs the power-on self test (POST). If there are any fatal errors, the boot process stops. POST beep codes can be found in this area of the Troubleshooting Expert. -The BIOS does more tests on the system, including the memory count-up test which you see on the screen. The BIOS will generally display a text error message on the screen if it encounters an error at this point; these error messages and their explanations can be found in this part of the Troubleshooting Expert.

The Second World War (WWII) Essay -- World War 2 II Two

WORLD WAR TWO   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second world was is the ugliest brutally violent emotionally damaging war ever. Through out this term paper I will use various references to inform you about how the United States wanted to stay out of the dangers of war with powerful ruthless countries. How Americans battled through many conflicts and various attacks, and finally builds up to the mighty United States of America becoming a huge world power.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The war came about because of the depression. The world powers were struggling, but they still had their natural resources to maintain their way of life. Germany, Italy, and Japan however relied on foreign trade for food and raw materials. If these countries were going to be able to survive and compete they would have to overtake other lands with valuable natural resources.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When German's newfound Nazi-leader Hitler obtained control of a huge group of men to do his deeds. His mass number of men overtaking Europe made many Americans start talking. These Americans were talking as though they lived in the ship sailing days. They felt as though their two oceans would keep them out of war and they could remain at peace if they simply refused to fight. Those Americans were against alliances with other countries so they were referred to as isolationists. Roosevelt opposed the isolationists. In nineteen hundred and forty when German bombs fell on the British Isles, the fight between Roosevelt and the isolationists escalated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Teddy Roosevelt was elected to a third term and begins building aircraft's for over seas governments as well as other various war equipment, but still refused to shove the United States of America into war. The German's were upset about this and used this rage to inflict more pain on the Jews. On August third, nineteen hundred and forty-one President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill meet at Placentia Bay to discuss the war in Europe and the far east. The two spoke of an eight-point system. At this meeting the two men pledged to aid Russia's struggle with axis powers it also sent out a warning to Japan to leave the Far East alone. Japan was expanding all throughout Asia. The Japs were getting ready for war and on July twenty forth, nineteen hundred and forty-one her troops occupied all ... ...ing Americans. Men were smothered to death in dirt thrown by explosions. The foreign fighter pilots would attack hospital wards. This would force the patients to run for their lives even amputation cases tried to hobble out in the confusion. Prayer was the only escape for the disabled victims. Two days later the Japanese overran the Bataan peninsula. The battered American forces withdrew to Corregidor there they made another brave stand. By May sixth, however, they could hold out no longer, and were forced to surrender. Of the 40,000 soldiers that became prisoners to the Japanese, more than half died- some from the long march under the hot sun without food and water, some from mistreatment in the prison camps. This was a war that was fought on far away lands many people had to go find forgotten geography books just o see were their families were being sent to die for a cause of freedom. As president Roosevelt said â€Å"The news was all bad.†(1 page 753). German subs were sinking ships in Chesapeake bay. The Russians continued to advance on France. And , in England, German bombers were showering down explosives on London, Coventry, Liverpool, and Bristol all populated with civilians.